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Chen Guangcheng Begins Life in New York

Posted: 22 May 2012 11:20 PM PDT

At The Daily Beast, Melinda Liu described the beginning of Chen Guangcheng and his family's life in New York as they embraced the spring sunshine while avoiding, for now, the glare of the media.

Feeling the warm sun on his face, blind Chinese activist Chen Guangcheng relaxed in an outdoor playground with his family Sunday, basking in perfect spring weather—and not having to worry about being beaten or harassed for the first time in years.

Chen, his wife, Yuan Weijing, and their two kids started a new life in a quiet, leafy Greenwich Village neighborhood full of university students sunbathing in grassy parks and yuppies walking their dogs. It's a long way from their rural Shandong farmhouse—a virtual prison with blocked-up windows, surveillance cameras, and dozens of guards who threatened and beat would-be visitors ….

A TV-satellite truck has materialized outside Chen's apartment block, which has also been staked out by reporters and photographers who scrambled when he appeared in the playground. ("It's exciting. I've never heard so many police sirens as I did last night," said one of Chen's new neighbors about his arrival in the building.) But Chen didn't want to grant media interviews on their first day in America. He and his wife are especially concerned about protecting the privacy of their 10-year-old son, Chen Kerui—who'd lived separately from his parents for several years so his father's imprisonment and harassment wouldn't disrupt his schooling—and their vivacious 6-year-old daughter, Chen Kesi, who succumbed to her jet lag by early evening. "She was fast asleep on the couch when I first arrived," said one visitor, "but then she woke up and greeted me full of giggles."

Speaking to WNYC's Brian Lehrer, Jerome Cohen explained Chen's likely course of study at New York University, his long term ambitions, and the negotiation process that brought the family to the US. Cohen also tactfully addressed the risk of Chen becoming a political pinball, and the question of how neatly his work against and sterilisation might fit an American pro-life agenda. Chen, he said, "understands China's need for birth control", and was concerned primarily with civil liberties. "I don't think," he added, "we should associate Mr. Chen with one specific religious organization or with one particular political cause, however important it is."

Giving his own views on China's future direction, Cohen said that he is "very optimistic" for the long term and "fairly optimistic" for the medium term, but "quite pessimistic" about the immediate future.

Chen's studies could begin as soon as next week, according to the South China Morning Post. How long they will continue, however, is unknown.

While in New York, Chen will study Chinese, American and international law. Lectures will be given in Chinese since Chen does not speak English. The programme was scheduled to last a year, but could go longer if necessary, Cohen said. "His study will probably begin next week or the week after," Cohen said. "We will see when he is ready. There is no rush …."

Cohen said Chen understood that few activists had had much success trying to influence domestic after leaving the country.

Nonetheless, Cohen said he believed Chen had a good chance of returning should he focus on legislation to protect the disabled. He noted that more Chinese activists had been pressing for legal reforms without being jailed, such as civil rights lawyer .

The Guardian's Tania Branigan reported that Chen may return to China in as little as a year:

The couple … will not be working towards degrees, [Cohen] added. "Maybe he'll go back to China quickly at the end of the year, if things look good," Cohen said. "Initially he's going to put in a year of serious study and he'll feel his way."

Chen has said he wants to return to China at some point, although some activists and dissidents who have left have not been allowed back into the country. "The Chinese government has a long history of preventing the return of critics who have been abroad," warned Nicholas Bequelin, senior Asia researcher at Human Rights Watch.

"Some parties involved in the negotiations are fairly confident Chen will be able to return … [But] it is not entirely clear what will happen."

Another article at The Guardian illustrated what may be the worst case scenario, reporting the efforts of several Tiananmen-era dissidents to secure a safe return to China. They include student leader Wang Dan, who recently welcomed Chen to America and assured him that exile, thanks to the Internet, no longer imposed the same limitations as in the past.

It's been almost 23 years since the optimism that gripped China during the seven-week protests was brutally swept away. Now, five exiled leaders have written an open letter calling on Beijing to allow them to return home in the spirit of human rights at a time when "China is undergoing profound changes".

"I want to be able to visit my parents," said in an email. "The Chinese government not allowing us to return is another continuous punishment …."

While a number of dissidents have returned to China, the permission to do so comes attached with stipulations that most dissidents refuse to accept.

Xiang Xiaoji, now a lawyer in New York, explains: "I will never apologise for anything. What I did was right, and I will never promise to stop pushing for democracy in China. I will not accept their political conditions to return home," Xiang says. "Besides, I'm not scared of a jail sentence. I've been in exile for 23 years, and I'm 55 now. I've never regretted what I did in the past, so why would I be scared of what I'll do in the future?"

At TIME's Global Spin blog, on the other hand, Austin Ramzy raised the possibility that media coverage of Chen's saga, regardless of its tone, has sown the seeds of an influence that could weather a wintry exile:

… Chen is still not … widely known in China, but the past month's coverage in domestic media has raised his profile. While many Chinese readers will agree with criticism of the U.S. role in protecting Chen for six days after he escaped from house arrest, they will also be curious to learn more about who he is. And his story is as compelling as the role of officials in Shandong is troubling. Even before Chen's escape from house arrest, there was a grassroots effort to support him, and average citizens like former English teacher He Peirong found themselves drawn to his cause.

Earlier this spring I interviewed a migrant worker about a strike at the electronics factory where he was employed in Shenzhen. At the end of our discussion he said he knew that TIME had once interviewed the blind lawyer. "Blind lawyer?" I asked, shocked that a factory worker would know about a man who had been under one form of arrest or another since 2005. "Yes, you know, the blind lawyer Chen," he replied, adding that he had been inspired by him and closely followed his case …. Chen's influence may, as State media suggest, diminish during his exile. But not if they keep talking about him.

Also uncertain are the broader implications and lessons of Chen's case. From the Associated Press:

Bonnie Glaser, a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, doubted that Chen's case would start a trend. She pointed to exceptional factors — Chen is blind and had broken bones when he sought US help, while China was eager to ensure smooth talks with Clinton ….

But Sophie Richardson of Human Rights Watch said that — even if it is unlikely that droves of dissidents will seek shelter at the US embassy — the Chen case showed activists inside China the possibilities of pushing the government.

"I have trouble imagining that people who will have watched this saga unfold won't in some ways feel empowered by it," she said ….

Sharon Hom, executive director of Hong Kong- and New York-based group , said the Chen case did not give simple answers on whether quiet or loud diplomacy works best with China as many factors — from international attention to Chinese netizen activism — had been factors.

At The Atlantic, suggested that one lesson was not to rush too quickly to judgement based on incomplete information.

… [L]ooking back on the evolution of the administration's foreign policy, I contended in my long story about Obama early this year that U.S. positioning toward China was actually one of the more chessmaster-like features of Obama's overall policy. That is, love the current administration or hate it, you really should consider China-handling one of the more successful parts of its record ….

[The Chen Guangcheng] episode has so far turned out better than it easily might have. And the and negotiators on the U.S. side, whatever mistakes or misjudgments they may have made, appear to have been something other than the feckless clowns portrayed in the first wave of press coverage, based on the question of whether they had sold Chen Guangcheng out.

… We naturally crave "what does it all mean?" "who screwed up?" "who won and lost?" certainty, but there are times when the immediately available answers to those questions are likely to be wrong. In our little part of our journo-sphere we will try to do our part by taking this lesson to heart.


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The Specter of the Cultural Revolution

Posted: 22 May 2012 10:23 PM PDT

In the New York Times, author Lijia Zhang calls for a full accounting of the Cultural Revolution and says that the country risks repeating history without major reforms: "more democracy, rule of law, transparency, checks on power and a decentralized power structure":

The began 46 years ago this month with Chairman Mao's "May 16 Notification" and ended 10 years later with at least half a million people dead from torture, or suicide. This misguided movement tore apart China's social fabric, touching all of us in one way or another.

A childhood friend of mine accidentally broke a porcelain statue of Chairman Mao. His mother was blamed, beaten and humiliated at public gatherings. She eventually went mad. My grandfather committed suicide at the height of the movement, terrified that his job as a grain dealer would make him a target of the roving bands of Red Guards who might persecute any merchant at any time because of a "capitalist" livelihood. My grandfather once said that he lived like a "bird startled by the mere twang of a bowstring."

Such stories were all too common, yet we have not come to terms with their long-term effects. Until the Chinese leadership confronts the Cultural Revolution head-on, its ghosts will continue to haunt the nation.

In 1978, two years after the chaos ended, the Communist Party declared the Cultural Revolution a disaster and effectively banned any further public discussion. To this day, the movement's excesses are glossed over in schools, and books on the period are subject to strict censorship. The topic is often blocked in Chinese on the Web. China has never had a full accounting of how and what went wrong.

Read more about the Cultural Revolution via CDT.


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Photo: Hobbyist, by Land of no cheese

Posted: 22 May 2012 09:48 PM PDT

Bear in a China Shop

Posted: 22 May 2012 08:29 PM PDT

Against a swelling chorus of bearism, Arthur Kroeber argues that China is likely to continue its economic ascent. But, he writes, although "China will likely surpass the United States as the world's top economy … until it solves its fairness problem, it will remain a second-rate society." From Foreign Policy:

No question, China has many problems. Years of one-sided investment-driven growth have created obvious excesses and overcapacity. A weaker global economy since the 2008 financial crisis and rapidly rising labor cost at home have slowed China's vaunted export machine. Meanwhile, a massive is slowly deflating, and the latest economic data is discouraging. Real growth in GDP slowed to an annualized rate of less than 7 percent in the first quarter of 2012, and April saw a sharp slowdown in industrial output, electricity production, bank lending, and property transactions. Is China's legendary economy in serious trouble?

Not just yet. The odds are that China will navigate these shoals and continue to grow at a fairly rapid pace of around 7 percent a year for the remainder of the decade, overtaking the to become the world's biggest economy around 2020. That's a lot slower than the historical average of 10 percent, but still solid. Considerably less certain, however, is whether China's secretive and corrupt Communist Party can make this growth equitable, inclusive, and fair. Rather than economic collapse, it's far more likely that a decade from now China will have a strong economy but a deeply flawed and unstable society.

See also Tom Orlik's guide to battling China bears at China Real Time Report, via CDT.


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Two Charged in USC Shootings

Posted: 22 May 2012 02:44 PM PDT

Two men have been charged with the recent murders of two Chinese students in Los Angeles, and could face the . The case stirred up resentment of China's growing income inequality when early reports falsely referred to the students' "brand new" "$60,000″ BMW. From Reuters:

Two men accused of fatally shooting a pair of Chinese graduate students at the University of Southern California were charged on Tuesday with capital murder, making them eligible to face the death penalty if convicted, prosecutors said ….

The men arrested in the case, 20-year-old Bryan Barnes and 19-year-old Javier Bolden, have been charged with capital murder during a suspected robbery. Prosecutors have not yet decided whether to seek the death penalty or life in prison, both options in a capital case, the district attorney's office said.

The two will face the charges when they appear in a court later on Tuesday afternoon.

The victims' parents sued USC last week, accusing the university of making misleading claims about students' safety. From The Los Angeles Times:

Their attorney, Alan Burton Newman, alleges in the lawsuit that inaccurately claimed on its website that it "is ranked among the safest of U.S. universities and colleges, with one of the most comprehensive, proactive campus and community safety programs in the nation." The suit notes that says it provides 24-hour security on campus and in surrounding neighborhoods.

The suit says USC "provided no patrolling" in the neighborhood where the shooting occurred. After the killings, USC persisted with a "clearly misleading" portrayal of safety, reiterating in a letter to the campus community that crime "is low compared to other areas of Los Angeles," according to the lawsuit.

In response, USC attorney Debra Wong Yang said the university is "deeply saddened by this tragic event, which was a random violent act not representative of the safety of USC or the neighborhoods around campus. While we have deep sympathy for the victims' families, this lawsuit is baseless and we will move to have it dismissed."

Stan Abrams, commenting on the case at China Hearsay, agreed, concluding that whatever precautions are taken, "these things just happen."


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Ma Jun: The Most Creative Person in Business

Posted: 22 May 2012 02:10 PM PDT

Fast Company Magazine recently named Chinese environmental activist Ma Jun to the #1 spot on their list of the 100 Most Creative People in Business. Christina Larson profiles him for the magazine:

An environmental researcher by trade, Ma spent years chronicling China's ecological catastrophes. Some of what he witnessed was inexorable and slow, like the graying of the Beijing sky; last December, the World Health Organization ranked Beijing 1,035th, out of 1,100 international cities, in air quality. Other results of his country's unfettered growth were horrific, like the massive flooding of the Yangtze in 1998, after years of deforestation and soil erosion. Eventually, he decided that merely telling the story was not enough. "As a media person, you look to expose the problem," he says, "but you can't stop there-—people are looking for answers."

Ma founded the not-for-profit Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE) in 2006. Since then, more than anyone else in China, Ma has channeled the power of the Internet and the optimism of China's younger generation into a force for environmental change. Working with a devoted national network of young volunteers, Ma and his nine full-time staffers have compiled an open-source online database of water, air, and hazardous-waste records—-in the country that generates the world's highest emissions. Those records are damning: Over five years, IPE volunteers have helped hunt down some 97,000 records of factories operating in violation of China's green laws. And those efforts lead to change.

"When I look at China's environmental problems, the real barrier is not lack of technology or money," he says. "It's lack of motivation. The motivation should come from regulatory enforcement, but enforcement is weak and environmental litigation is near to impossible. So there's an urgent need for extensive public participation to generate another kind of motivation." Ma has become expert at using his database to create that motivation, especially when it comes to helping global companies police their suppliers.

Read more about Ma Jun and about environmental activism in China, via CDT. See also our special section on the Environment.


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Nissan Cruises into Hong Kong, Gears Towards China

Posted: 22 May 2012 01:54 PM PDT

As more and more auto makers are gearing their products towards China, is also expanding their luxury car market to China, and they are aiming for 10% of the market despite being one of the late-comers into China's . Reuters reports:

Nissan Motor Co Ltd said it aims to triple global sales of its premium Infiniti brand by 2016 and take 10 percent of China's luxury vehicle market, challenging leaders like Audi AG and Mercedes Benz maker Daimler AG.

The target appears "challenging," Yale Zhang, head of -based consulting firm Automotive Foresight, said.

In order for Nissan to achieve it, the Yokohama-based automaker would have to "aggressively push localization over the coming two to three years and aggressively price locally produced cars," Zhang said.

In China, Infiniti sold just 19,000 cars in the last fiscal year ended March, a fraction of the more than 300,000 sold in 2011 by Audi, Volkswagen AG's premium brand.

While Nissan expands into emerging markets with the revival of their Datsun brand, they plan to enter China through Hong Kong with the luxury brand, Infiniti.ABC News adds:

Nissan's upscale Infiniti brand unveiled its new global headquarters in Hong Kong on Tuesday, as the Japanese automaker uses the southern Chinese financial center to grab a bigger piece of the world's top car market.

Infiniti is the first car maker to base itself in Hong Kong, a semiautonomous region of China better known for its banking prowess and stock market.

Ghosn said the company chose to move the high-end division to Hong Kong so staff could better observe the city's luxury goods market. Many foreign brands have flocked to the city in recent years in pursuit of wealthy Chinese shoppers.

"During the next five years, Hong Kong and mainland China will together be our most important growth market," Ghosn said.


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China Probes Detention of Fishermen

Posted: 22 May 2012 12:08 PM PDT

As CDT reported earlier, 28 Chinese fishermen have been detained in North Korean waters and held for a ransom of $142,000. These fishermen were eventually released, but it is unclear whether or not the ransom was paid. The Los Angeles Times reports:

The fishermen returned to the Chinese port of Dalian on Monday morning, the New China News Agency reported.

Chinese media suggested that Beijing did not pay a ransom for the boats. The news agency report credited China's ambassador to Pyongyang, Liu Hongcai, with securing the release through "negotiation and close contact" with the North Korean government.

The release of the boats does little, however, to clear up questions about whether impoverished North Koreans are engaging in Somalia-style piracy to raise money. Following the death of leader Kim Jong Il in December, elevated his 28-year-old son, Kim Jong Un, to replace him, and some believe the transition has not gone smoothly.

Chinese fishery officials were quoted Monday as demanding an investigation into who in North Korea was behind the seizure of the boats. The state-run Global Times newspaper said hundreds of Chinese fishing vessels had been ordered to retreat westward to avoid another incident.

This incident comes amid tensions about Pyongyang's nuclear activities and missile tests. Although China, Japan, and South Korea have agreed to work together on dealing with North Korea, China has seemed to launch it's own investigation on the incident. The Wall Street Journal reports:

The report said the Koreans took whatever they could, and that one boat wasn't enough to hold all of the booty and that a second boat was called in.

The fishermen were later taken ashore and given cigarettes before being forced at gunpoint to sign a document while they were filmed. According to the report, the contents of the document read : "We entered DPRK waters and were working there illegally. The DPRK treated us in a friendly manner and all was normal during our stay there."

The report makes the point that it is still unclear who actually detained the Chinese fishermen, with the crew insisting that the boats were boarded in the early morning and the fishermen were unable to see for sure. They did not say whether they had any other opportunities to identify the gunboat.

The North Korean embassy in Beijing declined to comment, but China Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei offered Beijing's most extensive comments on the incident to date at a regular press briefing Tuesday afternoon. Here is what he said: "The Foreign Ministry attaches great importance to the incident. The Foreign Ministry and Chinese Embassy in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea maintained close communication with the DPRK in Beijing and Pyongyang, securing the release of the fishermen and fishing boats. The Chinese side urged the DPRK to observe agreements, including those on consular visits and notifications. China also demanded the DPRK ensure safety and humanitarian treatment of the fishermen. Based on our understanding, the Bureau of Fisheries is conducting investigation."

Beijing is Pyongyang's closest political ally, and this incident has sparked tension among netizens that call Pyongyang "ungrateful." The BBC adds:

The allegations, which have been circulated widely on Chinese social media, caused anger among , who slammed North Korea for its "ingratitude" and accused the Chinese authorities of being weak.

On Weibo, China's Twitter-like microblogging platform, more than a million posts have been published on the incident since the detention was publicised last week.

"North Koreans, do you still deserve our help? Is this how you repay us?" said Kong Lingquan, a -based event director.

"After such a shameful incident, why doesn't our government demand an explanation from North Korea?" a Weibo user said.


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The Daily Twit (@chinahearsay Twitter feed) – 2012-05-22

Posted: 21 May 2012 08:59 PM PDT


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Another Weibo Victory or Mob Justice in China?

Posted: 22 May 2012 06:29 AM PDT

If you've been following the criminal trial of Wu Ying, who is sort of China's Bernie Madoff (or one of them, at any rate), you may have heard a while back that her original death sentence had been overturned by the Supreme People's Court and remanded back to the trial court for sentencing. The interesting angle here stems from the public outcry over the original sentencing; folks thought the punishment was excessive for an economic crime. Once the SPC overturned the sentence, critics declared victory.

Well, now we have closure on the case. From Don Clarke's Chinese Law Prof Blog:

The Wu Ying case has been much in the news recently. She was originally sentenced to death, but the Supreme People's Court, on reviewing the death sentence, sent it back for re-hearing. (Remarkably, it managed to do so despite finding no flaws in the fact-finding, application of law, or process.) The Zhejiang Higher People's Court (at the provincial level) changed the sentence to death with a two-year reprieve. This kind of sentence is almost always commuted to a life sentence at the end of the two-year period.

Basically, her death sentence was knocked down to life. Fairly common here, actually.

But once again, for the record, I'm troubled by this case. As I've noted on a number of occasions about other criminal cases that have seemingly been influenced by public opinion, the precedent is very dangerous. You might be pleased with this result, but the next one might go down differently. Moreover, given the ugliness that we've seen from online microbloggers (also known as "weibots") these days over the "foreigner question," do we really want to entrust such power to the whims of the mob? As others have pointed out, these types of cases are not victories but evidence that rule of law here still has a long way to go.

For a balanced look at the issue, including weibot discussions, check out this great post at Tea Leaf Nation.


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Remember Wang Yang?

Posted: 22 May 2012 02:58 AM PDT

Before the wheels fell off of Bo Xilai's Red Culture Express, his "Chongqing Model" of governance was often mentioned alongside Guangdong party chief 's comparatively liberal approach, with the two men underscoring the increasingly public ideological cleavage within the Chinese Communist Party and seen as competing to define the next chapter in China's development. With now out of the picture, Reuters' John Ruwitch and Michael Martina report that Wang now appears poised to nab a seat on the in the upcoming :

Wang, 57, used his provincial party congress meeting this month to garner publicity ahead of the 18th national Party Congress where, late this year, a new and younger leadership group will be unveiled to replace President Hu Jintao's team.

Wang's performance at the Guangdong congress highlighted his image as the politician most likely to take up the reformist mantle of outgoing Premier Wen Jiabao, who had seen Bo as a threat to his legacy and moved swiftly to cut him down.

"Wang Yang's speech was sort of valedictory," said Willy Lam, a Hong Kong-based expert on the Chinese leadership.

The article also calls attention to two other provincial-level party chief's, 's and 's , who are seen as contenders for seats on the Standing Committee and, like Wang, can use their respective party congresses as platforms to make their case for promotion.

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