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Blogs » Politics » Crash Puts New Focus on China Leaders


Crash Puts New Focus on China Leaders

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 10:51 PM PDT

In the midst of the breaking scandal amid accusations that Chongqing Party chief Bo Xilai abused his power and wealth to benefit himself and his family, a Ferrari crashed on a Beijing road at 4 am, killing the driver and severely injuring two passengers (one of whom later died). Rumors immediately started circulating about the identity of the driver, who has since been confirmed to be Ling Gu, the son of , the chief of the General Office of the CCP Central Committee and a close ally of President Hu Jintao. The Wall Street Journal looks at how the two parallel scandals were handled and what it tells us about the upcoming in China:

The difference in how the party handled the Bo and Ling matters speaks volumes about the challenge it faces as it tries to conclude its most destabilizing political crisis in decades ahead of a sweeping leadership change beginning at the , which starts Nov. 8.

The leadership has tried to portray Mr. Bo—now accused of offenses including bribe-taking, sexual impropriety and abuse of power in a murder investigation of his wife—as an anomaly. Broader-than-expected allegations announced last month appeared designed to restore the party's damaged credibility in the eyes of a public grown increasingly angry over the issues of official abuse that Mr. Bo embodies. Mr. Bo has disappeared from public view and is believed to be in detention pending his trial.

But the Ferrari crash and its aftermath encapsulate some of the same issues, such as children of the elite enjoying expensive luxuries—demonstrating how limited the party's taste is for policing its own upper ranks except when politically expedient.

The contrasting fates of Mr. Bo and Ling Jihua also reflect feuding and deal-making behind the scenes as outgoing leaders and former ones have tried to elevate protégés to conserve their interests and political influence.


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Hexie Farm (蟹农场): The China Models

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 10:16 PM PDT

For his latest installment of the Hexie Farm CDT series, cartoonist Crazy Crab plays on the term "China Model," which refers to China's unique political and economic system of authoritarian capitalism, by depicting the country's leaders as models in a naked fashion show. These models are showing off their accessories, which allude to their wealth and power, such as luxury watches and an axe. The models' state of undress makes them "naked officials," or those who have funneled illicitly obtained wealth overseas along with their families.

The China Models, by Crazy Crab of for CDT:

Read more about Hexie Farm's CDT series, including a Q&A with the anonymous cartoonist, and see all cartoons so far in the series.

[CDT owns the copyright for all cartoons in the  CDT series. Please do not reproduce without receiving prior permission from CDT.]



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Women Power Up? Not Yet

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 09:23 PM PDT

Decades after Mao Zedong claimed that "women hold up half the sky", the women's rights movement in China is facing challenges. Ke Qianting at The Global Times says that  cultural and systematic elements as well as the lack of gender education in schools are impeding women's development. Melissa Korn at the Wall Street Journal gives a detailed account of the discrimination against women in state-owned enterprises:

Chinese women continue to make strides in corporate settings, but they're still a rare sight at the helm of Chinese companies – particularly at state-owned enterprises (SOEs) — according to a new study by Yan Zhang, a management professor at China International Business School.

Among companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, the proportion of female board chairs increased a modest 0.3 percentage points, to 4% in 2010 from 3.7% in 1997, while women made up just 5.6% of CEOs in 2010 (compared with 4.6% in 1997), Ms. Zhang found.

Despite the Chinese government's official stance that women are just as capable as men in the workplace, women fare quite a bit worse at state-run companies: They made up 5.4% of non-SOE board chairs in 2010, but just 2.9% at SOEs, and they filled 13.7% of director seats at non-SOEs, compared with 10% in SOEs.

At the same time, higher barriers are set for female students in college admissions. Caixin reported last month that several girls shaved their heads bald to protest against gender discrimination in late August. Didi Kirsten Tatlow at New York Times investigates further:

On the last day of August, Xiong Jing and two friends shaved their heads in Beijing to protest a growing trend in Chinese in which women increasingly must score higher than men to get in and face unofficial but widespread gender quotas that favor men.

[...] The practice began at least as early as 2005, according to Chinese news reports, and was in response to the rising numbers of women getting into universities, where they are starting to outstrip men in some areas, especially languages.

[...] "In science courses at the China University of Political Science and Law, the bar is at 632 points for women but 588 for men," the newspaper said, providing other similar examples from other colleges.

[...] The rules affected students like Ouyang Le, according to Ms. Xiong. A fresh graduate from a Guangzhou high school, Ms. Ouyang had wanted to study at the University of International Relations. She scored 614 points on the gaokao, but as a woman, needed 628. If Ms. Ouyang had been a man, she would have needed just 609.

As Leta Hong Fincher showed in a recent International Herald Tribune op-ed, women are also discouraged from attaining higher education by official voices, including the All-China Women's Federation, which encourages women to marry and start a family before acquiring an advanced degree.

The underrepresentation of women transfers up to the political arena as well. As a result, feminists hope that the possible promotion of Liu Yandong, the only female member in the 25-member Politburo, could send a positive signal in gender equity. From Tania Branigan at The Guardian:

Besuited and fiercely disciplined, with a powerful family background and experience in the Communist Youth League, appears much like other cadres jockeying for position in China's pending , bar one very obvious difference: her gender.

She is the only female member of the 25-member politburo and would be the first woman to reach its standing committee, the country's top political body. Though she is regarded as a long shot, "the door is not closed", said Cheng Li, an expert on Chinese politics at the Brookings Institution.

[...I]n Chinese politics women remain a glaring absence. The annual session of the National People's Congress shows banks of dark-suited men; only a fifth of the largely rubber-stamp legislature is female, and barely one-sixteenth of the party's central committee. There is one female provincial party secretary and one governor. At the grassroots 2%-3% of village party chiefs and 22% of committee members are female.

Feminists say better representation is crucial to addressing enduring, or even increasing, inequality. Many fear women face a deterioration in their status, citing changes to marital property rights that have disadvantaged women, incomes shrinking in comparison to men's and increasing gender stereotyping.

However, other critics believe that Liu Yandong is essentially no more than a rubber stamp and her chances of bypassing the systematic obstacles are slim. From Leslie Hook at The Financial Times:

"She seldom . . . expresses her political opinions. Her role is not at the head of the table," said Pu Xingzu, a politics professor at Fudan University in Shanghai.

[...] Liu has never been a provincial governor, a key resume item for most of China's top leaders. Her age could also count against her, because the party prefers to install younger people. The current nine-member standing committee could be shrunk to seven, reducing her chances further.

 

See more on the women's rights movement in China via CDT.


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Photo: School girls practice English at a park in Penglai, Shandong, by Mark Hobbs

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 09:49 PM PDT

School girls practice their English at a park in Penglai, Shandong


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Old Building Restoration Taking a Hold in China

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 08:44 PM PDT

Starting from the reinvention of Dashilar, a historical neighborhood in Beijing, innovative architects are racking their brains to balance city development and cultural preservation. From Clarissa Sebag-Montefiore at The Los Angeles Times:

Authorities have teamed with Beijing-based Approach Studio to breathe new life into alleyways largely considered slums, where residents cram into divided courtyard spaces without plumbing. Buildings in Dashilar, rather than being knocked down, are starting to be turned into galleries, studios or boutique shops.

[...] The plans mark a change from the treatment of neighboring Qianmen Street — which was bulldozed only to be rebuilt in 2008 in a faux late-Qing dynasty style replete with Starbucks and H&M, a fake tram and a giant cement tree.

By contrast, Dashilar residents can choose to sell or stay under the new scheme. Government-purchased buildings are being offered at low rents to designers who want to set up shop. Design Week has, in part, acted as a live mock-up to show skeptical local officials that this gradual approach, which demands a smaller initial capital investment than the knock down and rebuild model, can create dividends as foot traffic increases. A handful of businesses, including a Chinese film studio and a Dutch-owned gallery, have already signed up. Inhabitants will benefit from improvements to the area as the value of their properties rise in tandem, so the argument goes.

[...] Waiter Yue Yao Tong, 22, who works at a bare-bones restaurant serving traditional Beijing snacks, is more optimistic. Above all, Yue does not want to see the old town demolished. "The old buildings are more attractive for visitors," he explained, sitting next to a vat of bubbling entrails. "You can see the [faux historic] buildings in Qianmen everywhere in China — but it's very hard to copy a place with . We want very much to show foreigners that this is the true Chinese style."

See also the official website of 2012 Beijing Design Week.


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A Love Song Called the Great Wall of China

Posted: 20 Oct 2012 11:04 AM PDT

Yan Lichuan, or Yan Laoshi--teacher Yan.

It was a drab February day in 2009. I sat in my college dorm room four floors above York Street, drinking instant coffee and languorously gazing out the window at pedestrians below—miniature fortresses of warmth set against knuckle-tightening air. That's when I saw the email.

At first, I thought it was from Yan herself. It wasn't until I'd read through the whole thing that I knew it couldn't have been from her, and glanced back up at the sender line to find the name Yang Jing. Yang and Yan had both been my laoshimen–my teachers–at a language institute in Beijing the previous summer, though I'd been much closer to Yan than to Yang.

Wo you yixie bu hao de xiaoxi xuyao gaosu ni, Yang began. I struggled to summon my lapsed Chinese. "I have some bad news for you," is what that meant. "Yan Lichuan, our Yan laoshi, is dead. I know that you two were very close." And finally, in English: "I'm so sorry."

The email was followed by a couple of links to Chinese news websites. I immediately clicked on one, and ended up spending a frenzied half hour piecing together the following:

Police have confirmed a body found on Stockton Beach (Australia) is that of a woman who went missing in waters off Port Stephens, on the New South Wales central coast, last week. Chinese national Yan Lichuan, 31, was last seen in an inflatable boat about one kilometer off Jimmy's Beach near Hawks Nest last Friday.

And that was it. I turned away from my computer. Had there been more text, I don't know that I would have been able to read it.

What had happened? Images rushed to my mind: A yellow dinghy bucking forward and back in white-lipped waves; the oars flapping once and twice and then ripped from their sockets; the water cold, salty, alien, surging up as if to drag her under; the gray sky dipping down to meet it; Yan alone, terrified, hugging the boat until the waves grabbed that too. Had she tried to fight it, the encroaching sea? The strength would have drained from her arms like water from an upturned cup. She had the body of a child: Maybe five feet, maybe an inch or two shorter, ninety-five pounds tops. And the image of that childlike body, briny and pallid, washed up on the shore.

Did she scream? Did she try to turn back? Or did she surrender to the storm? Or there had been no storm. Or she had planned for the storm all along.

On February 1, five days before her death, I'd received a Facebook message from her. "Dear Tianqi," she wrote, using my Chinese name. "Just wanted to say hi from NZ [New Zealand]. I am in a fantastic café under Fox Glacier mountain, sorry sorry, time's out, no coins."

***

This was Beijing in June 2008, the summer of the Olympic games:

The streets buzzed with frenzied construction, the staccato of drills, the stutter of car horns, each corner a convention of bulldozers and traffic cones. Red banners with white lettering stretched across buildings and tollbooths and pedestrian walkways, exhorting the masses to Build a Harmonious Society! Run a Successful Olympics! Everywhere one turned, the sheer mass of people: Busloads of foreign tourists, throngs of bicycle commuters, lines of street vendors, the local and the international, the rich and the poor, the purposeful and the aimless, all fusing together as one giant, gridlocked glob of humanity. From my dormitory at Beijing Language and Culture University, I watched the world descend upon China: Africans shooting hoops on the basketball court, Spaniards and Poles playing soccer, the tones of French, Russian, German rising and falling in the steamy air.

This was Beijing in June 2008: The very definition of temporality, a city throbbing with the pulse of now. To my own surprise, I felt a tinge of excitement.

It was an excitement I would have considered unimaginable only a few days earlier, as I stood in the Newark airport, gazing past the terminal glass towards a neon Budweiser sign glowing tepidly in the charcoal morning. What business did I have going to China, I wondered? I'd begun studying Mandarin on a whim a year earlier, during the aimlessness of sophomore fall. One September afternoon I'd walked past the open door of a Chinese classroom. I had nothing better to do: I sat; I stayed.

If I'd enjoyed my Chinese language studies that year, it was an appreciation that stemmed largely from their consistency. The strokes of the characters, the order of the sentences, the music of the tones–all these remained constant in a year of emotional flux. By December of sophomore year, I'd reached the low point (though, of course, I did not know it at the time) of a two-year depression. I'd graduated high school as president of my class, editor-in-chief of the student newspaper, captain of the tennis team, and fundamentally convinced that the life ahead of me was merely a formality, a multiple-choice test whose only function was to determine precisely what kind of success I desired. More than anything, I was sick of wanting things. My classmates at Yale, I found, were just getting started. A week into school, one of my roommates furtively logged onto my computer and scrawled a giant "sticky" note on my desktop:

"Don't be a pussy. Life without risk is death. The best sex is anonymous."

Bit by bit, I began to despair. One week, in a class on modern Jewish philosophy, I learned of the Milgram obedience experiment, the famous psychological study that aimed to test the human capacity for evil. For days afterward, I'd return to my dormitory to watch YouTube videos of the experiment, white-coated "doctors" instructing study participants to administer ever-higher levels of shock to a "test subject" strapped down in another room, and the participants complying, even as the shocks are met with shrill bursts of pain–"Stop it!" "Let me out!" "I have a weak heart you know!"–and then with a terrible silence. Sometime in October of my sophomore year, I stopped going to class. Instead, I'd lie in bed and think of Ecclesiastes. Futility of futilities! All is futility. I decided that I must become a mystic and seek the Absolute.

The author in China.

I thought of a Hassidic saying I'd learned as a child at Jewish sleepaway camp. A person should carry a slip of paper in each side pocket. On one, it should be written: "The world was created for me alone," on the other, "I am but the dust of the earth." Despair, I began to understand, was the darkness between those two slips of paper. It was a type of longing, but a longing stripped of belief, a longing with no destination. To be on the heights of despair is to want one thing–the mastery of one's own fate–and that is impossible.

Things grew darker. I swore off newspapers and alcohol and political science classes. Every once in a while I'd show up to the college's dining hall not to eat, but just to sit at a table and mutter at the benighted masses. Pathetic fools, I thought, as I watched them die, bit by bit. In November, my roommate grew worried and called my parents. On the weekend of the annual Yale-Harvard football game they drove up to New Haven to see me. I had no interest in the football game; instead, we drove aimlessly through the city, me alone and silent in the backseat, my parents up front, whispering to each other. "What did we do wrong?" my father asked. I breathed in deeply, taking in the smell of new-car leather, thinking of luxury, of our second home in the country, of smiling family portraits, of the banner in our living room, white letters on blue felt reading For God, For Country, and For Yale. "I can't be here," I said. "Where do you want to be?" my father asked. I began to cry. I had no answer. A few months later, I was in China.

***

In China, I found an unexpected treatment for premature weltschmerz: Devotion, full and unquestioning, to a task that is both arbitrary and monotonous. After dwelling for so long in the midst of despair, I no longer wanted to think, and in learning Chinese, I found that I didn't have to. I spent five hours each day in class, four hours each night memorizing characters, and the rest of my time playing basketball, running laps on the 400-meter track behind the dormitory building, and eating meals of yuxiang qiezi–"fish-flavored" eggplant–at a small cafeteria outside the university's west gate. On the second day of the program, each student was compelled to sign a "Language Pledge" forbidding the use of English for the duration of the summer. Liberation! Discussing Ecclesiastes was out of the question. Instead, I would walk around campus muttering meaningless Chinese sentences under my breath: Lao da ye, nin zuo de shi wo de weizi! Qing lai yi hu ju hua cha. Shi na zhen feng ba ni gei chuilai le?! Or, Sir, I believe you're sitting in my seat! Please bring a pot of chrysanthemum tea. What gust of wind brought you to town?!

Yan laoshi was one of the ten or so instructors for the second-year Chinese course. For the first half of the program, I barely saw her outside of class, my knowledge of Yan limited to what I could glean from her weekly grammar drill sections. I'd heard that she was older than the other teachers, and as far as I could tell, she didn't seem to interact with them much. She wore Marc Jacobs sunglasses to class and carried her notebooks in a walnut-brown Louis Vuitton handbag. Most of my teachers enforced the language pledge with a fervor bordering on religious zeal. Yan, on the other hand, seemed to take great delight in filling her drill sections with English interjections–Like, come on! Really? No way!–all pronounced, enchantingly, with the drawn-out vowels of a Southern California valley girl.

In July, after "mid-term" exams, classes paused to allow for a "social study" week, a chance for students to leave Beijing in order to experience the "real" China. For no particular reason, I'd signed up for the trip to Shanxi Province, China's coal-mining capital, an eight-hour train ride southwest of Beijing. Yan laoshi, I learned, would be one of the two trip leaders.

That Saturday, the seven students and two teachers comprising our "social study" group set out from the dormitory building, arriving at the train station as the sun began to set. We picked our way through the crowded station–book bags shouldered, rolling suitcases extending behind us–until we found our train compartment, a cheerless "hard sleeper" with rows of plastic bunk "beds" and ovular windows that looked better fit for a fishing boat. Somehow, I ended up sitting next to Yan.

The train rocked and groaned and at last began to move. Our neighbor across the aisle, a stubby man with glasses, was busy cracking peanuts open and sipping on a beer. We caught eyes and he reached out to offer me one. I looked to Yan, who frowned with feigned dismay, and then reached out to accept the can. She opened it up and we both took a watery sip.

"Me," our neighbor said, pointing at himself. "Me. Wang. Shushu."

"Wang shushu," Yan replied in Chinese, "Uncle Wang." She pointed at me. "Ta bu neng shuo yingwen." "He doesn't speak English."

We all laughed. I'd grown to love this kind of humor, the majesty of miscommunication. In a few minutes, the train lights would go out for the night. I breathed in deep; the smell of peanuts lingered in the air. I looked at Yan. I couldn't help it: I smiled without really meaning to.

***

The days passed; I spent more and more time with Yan. More than anything, I found myself intrigued by how little she resembled the other teachers, in fact, how little she resembled most people I'd met in China. Our language instructors were, on the whole, graduate students in their mid-twenties completing summer practicum requirements. They were young and, despite fluent English, seemed to know the West mainly through clothing brands and the movies. Yan was ten years their senior. Married to a Chinese diplomat, she'd lived with him for six years in South Africa. During her years abroad, she had traveled alone to Zambia, Zimbabwe, Italy, and Istanbul. One year, she spent a semester away from her husband, studying French in Paris.

After so much time spent abroad, Yan found it difficult to return to China. She disliked the way China seemed to relate to the West, an attitude at turns proud and overeager, stubborn and sycophantic. Once, Yan told me, she went out to dinner with a few American friends, and as the waitress served each of her companions his or her meal, Yan's place setting remained empty. Yan asked about her food; the waitress shrugged: "I didn't hear your order," she said. That sort of thing happened all the time, Yan told me. But what most troubled her about being in China, Yan said, had less to do with the country and more to do with her. She was a patriot, she told me. But however many great things the "Chinese miracle" was doing for her country, it wasn't doing anything to help her dissipate a growing spiritual black hole.

One night, somewhere near the midpoint of the trip, Yan and I walked together through the streets of Pingyao, a provincial tourist hub known for its well-preserved city walls and its history as a Qing-dynasty banking center. During the day, we'd toured Pingyao with a local guide. In the afternoon, the streets were clamorous, filled with Chinese tour groups wearing matching hats and t-shirts. I'd been curious why the whole city seemed empty of cars, and why all the shopkeepers seemed clad in nearly identical antiquated-looking garb. It was a government regulation, our tour guide explained, designed to preserve the ancient feel of the site. Cars were forbidden from entering the city, and all Pingyao residents were required to wear Qing-dynasty robes during working hours.

"How ridiculous," Yan had whispered to me, a deviant smile crossing her face. "In China, living a Western lifestyle means buying a Starbucks' cappuccino, and living like a Chinese person means dressing up like you're still in the Middle Ages."

Now, we walked aimlessly along windy, cobblestone lanes bathed in the glare of red streetlamps. The city had grown hushed. It was almost midnight when we turned into the courtyard of our hotel. Everyone else must have been sleeping.

I'd been asking Yan whether she wanted to continue teaching Chinese, and now she shook her head.

"I'm only doing this because I don't know what else to do," she said. "Who knows. Maybe I'll go study in the States."

I nodded. Yan was over thirty years old, and yet the way she talked about her future betrayed the ambivalence and expectancy of a teenager. We reached the door to my hotel room and, for a minute or two, stood without speaking on the threshold. All was silent save the thwat thwat thwat of a moth futilely charging the courtyard's lone lamppost. I thought back to the beginning of the semester, to those inane Mandarin incantations I'd muttered to myself on the way to and from class. Lao da ye, nin zuo de shi wo de weizi! My Chinese had come a long way since then. I thought of another sentence I could now say: Yao jinlai ma? Do you want to come in? I looked at Yan. She was wearing a thin gray shirt and black jeans. It took me a moment or so before I realized she was looking at me too. A gaze of sadness, yearning. We stood there for a minute or so longer, and then I said goodnight and headed into my room.

***

The week ended. We returned from Shanxi and classes resumed.  Yan and I continued to spend time together. During lunch breaks, we'd eat together at Subway (Saibaiwei) or drink coffee at Starbucks (Xingbake). I knew she was married, and yet our conversations always seemed to approach the boundaries of flirtation. We'd hover there for a few moments, and then Yan would dissolve the atmosphere of coquetry with a laugh and a sentence or two.

Yan was over thirty years old, and yet the way she talked about her future betrayed the ambivalence and expectancy of someone much younger.

"You're going to make somebody very happy someday, Tianqi," she would say teasingly. "But not me. You're dangerous to me."

In August, the city swelled again for the start of the Olympics. And yet, when the games officially opened on the eighth of the month, much of Beijing already seemed burned out from the years of hype. The sporting matches were enjoyable–I made it to a few handball bouts and a round of the weightlifting competition–but they were games, not World History. When the closing ceremony arrived three weeks later, the entire city seemed to breath a collective sigh of relief.

My time in China was also coming to a close. On the final night of the program, I went with a number of classmates and teachers to Houhai, a bar district surrounding a small lake in central Beijing. For a while, we all walked the path surrounding the lake. Time passed, the crowd of revelers grew. The neon lights of dance clubs and expat bars cast dimpled reflections onto the dark water. Later that night, I sat with Yan on the roof terrace of a nearly empty bar. The language pledge was over; we spoke in an arbitrary blend of Chinese and English.

"What a pity," I said. "To leave this place." "Tai yihan."

"Yihan," Yan replied.  "Ni zhidao zhei ge danci?" You know that word?

"Yes," I answered. "It means regret."

Yan shook her head. "It means more than regret," she said, this time in English. "It means that you want something, you want it very bad, but you know that it will never be as you hoped."

A hint of jazz music floated over from the club next door. I sighed.

"Yes," I said. "Tai yihan."

"Tai yihan," Yan replied.

***

Yan and I maintained an intermittent correspondence after I returned home from Beijing. In November, she sent me a Facebook message congratulating "us" (Americans, I suppose) on Obama's victory in the presidential election.

"I am still teaching in the university," she wrote, "enjoying the biggest advantage the job brings: Free time–a lot of it. I don't know why a life without ambition suits me so well but upsets me so frequently."

A week later, she wrote again:

"I am fine. Except once in a while I feel very bored. But since I hear that boredom is, after all, life's normal condition, I should learn to coexist peacefully with it."

A few Facebook messages more, and then, she was dead.

Once, during that summer in Beijing, I shared with Yan a copy of one of my favorite Kafka stories, "Building the Great Wall of China." The story's narrator is a master craftsman who has spent his lifetime overseeing the construction of a small section of the Great Wall. The entire empire, the narrator relates, has single-mindedly devoted itself to building a barrier against the northern barbarians. And yet, who has ordered the building of the Great Wall, this he cannot say. The craftsman does not even know which emperor sits on the throne, nor can he confirm the existence of the alleged barbarians in the North. But such details are, to him, trifling:

"On the contrary, I imagine that the leadership has existed since time immemorial, along with the decision to construct the wall. Innocent northern people believed they were the cause; the admirable and innocent emperor believed he had given orders for it. We who were builders of the wall know otherwise and are silent."

A few days after I passed along my copy to Yan, she emailed me a reply.

"I just finished reading the story," she wrote. "My soul felt stirred. Let's talk about it soon."

The program was almost over. We never did talk about the story.

But when Yan died I thought about the Kafka piece once more. Kafka's narrator, I thought to myself, was right. The name of the emperor, the identity of the people to the north, the logic of the building–these details are trifling. The real blueprint–if such a thing exists–was drawn long ago, in secret, and immediately concealed. To emerge from despair, one must first be content to work alone in silence.

It has been over a year now since Yan died, and still the images of her death remain with me: The stormy water, the capsized vessel, the tiny body–pale, sodden, alone. But I think less of these images, and more of a feeling, a sense of longing. It is a longing for Yan, and also a longing for something else, for everything that is broken to somehow be made right. It is the sort of longing that I think Yan felt too.

Of course, I'll never know what happened to Yan that day off the New South Wales coast. Did she grab the oars and fight the pull of the water? Even if she did not, she'd fought the pull of other waves long ago. Either way, I can't help but imagine that when she fell into the sea–or when she jumped–she did so not with a shriek but with a shrug.

We strive; we fail. Tai yihan.

Europe Screens Tainted Chinese Food

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 10:30 AM PDT

CDT previously reported on the shift in anxieties among Chinese people, including food safety. With recent food scandals, such as the testing of golden rice on Chinese children, China sought to increase their food safety regulations. Despite China's efforts, China Daily reports shoppers are still consumed with concerns over food safety:

is a top concern for Chinese shoppers, especially regarding such produce as vegetables, meat, seafood, grain, cooking oils and dairy goods, according to a report from Ipsos.

"Food safety incidents that have occurred in China attracted a lot of attention but the general public still has a very limited knowledge base on the issue. In the United States and European countries, there have been fully fledged food manufacturing practice and response measures toward safety issues," said Jennifer Tsai, managing director of Innovation and Forecasting at Ipsos Marketing in Greater China.

More than 80 percent of the Chinese shoppers interviewed by Ipsos said they were eager to see the publication of food testing results, plus more transparency in this regard, besides the normal measures taken by competent bodies. More than 70percent of the public hoped that random inspections will be conducted and test results published.

"Food companies have a broad range of measures that can betaken to inform customers, such as clearer logos, product composition and information regarding possible allergies. If possible, such companies could allow visits to be made by members of the public to their plants and post videos online for the public to watch. At present, the transparency issue for domestic companies is still poor."

Concerns over the safety of products is not limited to China. Der Spiegel reports on the health hazards of food from China amid a recent norovirus outbreak in Germany:

China, which already sews together our clothes, assembles our smartphones and makes our children's toys, is now becoming an important food supplier for . Since China, as a low-wage country, doesn't exactly have a good reputation among consumers, the food industry usually doesn't mention the origin of the products it sells. Many Germans only realized how much of the food on their plates is harvested and produced in China when thousands of schoolchildren in eastern were afflicted with diarrhea and vomiting two weeks ago in anepidemic thought to have been triggered by Chinese strawberries contaminated with norovirus.

The biggest problem with Chinese food products is the local production environment, which includes the excessive use of toxic pesticides for crops and of antibiotics for animals, sometimes coupled with a complete lack of scruples. In 2008, some 300,000 infants in China were harmed by milk and baby formula products adulterated with the chemical melamine. Chinese producers had added the substance, which is especially harmful to the kidneys, to powdered milk.

Chinese producers have also sold peas dyed green, which lost their color when cooked, fake pigs' ears and cabbage containing carcinogenic formaldehyde. Then there was the cooking oil that was captured in restaurant drains, reprocessed, rebottled and resold. The government newspaper China Daily has even reported on fake eggs.

Aside from contaminated food in Germany, other contaminates have been found in Chinese food products that were exported to Denmark, Italy, and Spain, according to The New York Times:

 Cypriot inspectors found arsenic in the frozen calamari. The Italians discovered maggots in the pasta. There were glass chips in the pumpkin seeds bound for Denmark, and Spanish regulators blocked a shipment of frozen duck meat because of forged papers. It has been a rough year for Chinese  to .

Wu Heng, a graduate student in in Shanghai, once thought food safety was an issue for other people, something that existed mostly in the media or through gossip. He said he felt "like a frog in warm water," unconcerned about the rising temperature, unaware of the growing danger.

But a story about cancer-causing additives being added to meat got his attention in April of last year, and he and some friends started a Web site that began charting reports of food scandals nationwide.

The name of the site is a mouthful — Zhichuchuangwai, which means "throw it out the window." They name comes from the story of President Theodore Roosevelt having thrown his breakfast sausage out a window after reading "The Jungle," Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel that exposed the meatpacking industry in Chicago.


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China, North Korea Tensions Rise After Failed Venture

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 10:24 AM PDT

As China and deepen their ties with Kim Jong-Un's uncle's visit and the hiring of North Korean guest workers in China, the New York Times reports tensions between China and North Korea seems to be on the rise after a failed mining venture:

 Lured by cheap iron ore and low wages, the Xiyang Group, one of China's biggest mining conglomerates, took a significant risk, building a mine in economically backward North Korea that was designed to feed China's steel mills and provide much-needed investment to China's impoverished ally. The business spat came into the open last month when Xiyang posted a gritty, salacious blog item describing what the company called its "nightmare" in running the mine. It included details of high living by the North Korean managers when they visited China, where they were said to have demanded female escorts, expensive alcohol and cars. To the surprise of many, North Korea responded to Xiyang's accusations with some of its own, despite its heavy dependence on Chinese aid and the investment of Chinese companies. The Beijing office of the Joint Venture and Investment Committee of North Korea posted a note on its Web site saying that Xiyang had failed to provide up to half of the investment it promised even after several years, and that many laws and regulations had been passed to provide more legal protection for foreign investors. To stand a chance of real economic advancement, analysts say, he would need continuing support from China. About two-thirds of the 305 foreign investments in North Korea are Chinese, according to a list published by the Open Source Center, a United States government intelligence organization that analyzes publicly available material. Japan comes next with 15 investments, according to the list.

Despite this spat between North Korea and a Chinese company, Chinese state media is claiming that North Korea is becoming a field for Chinese firms to compete in, from The Global Times:

As often with stories about North Korea, interest quickly faded once it was clear that this was not "the end of China's support for North Korea" as so often predicted but something more akin to the normal give and take of business activities. The Chinese position seems to be that North Korea is stable under its new leadership and, no doubt with proper precautions, can be a reliable business partner. Negative assessments of North Korea's economic development continue as regular features in most of the world's press. Journalists who manage to get to the country, or who rely on refugee reports, play down the signs of economic change.

As with Myanmar about 10 years ago, some commentators see all Chinese activities as a seamless whole.

While speculations on China and North Korea's economic relationship continues, the North's relations with have been deteriorating as the South preparing to evacuate over 800 people at the DMZ . Amid mounting tensions, China is urging restraint between the two Koreas, Reuters adds:

Impoverished North Korea said on Friday it would attack if Seoul allowed activists to drop anti-northern leaflets on its territory, in its most strident warning against its long-time foe for months. "As a close neighbor of the peninsula, China urges the two Koreas to resolve the conflict through dialogue and consultation," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said in a statement. "We hope the two parties can stay calm and not make any provocative or radical actions."

A looming presidential election in the south and plans to deploy longer-range missiles by the government in Seoul have angered the north and prompted an escalation of belligerent rhetoric from Pyongyang.


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Rule of Law: China’s Online Mob Does It Again

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 09:48 AM PDT

For a couple of years now, I've been writing about the power of China's online voices (aka netizens, aka weibots) in their struggle for truth, justice and all kinds of other good stuff. Frankly, it worries me. And now they've gone and started a riot in Sichuan for no reason, and people might have been hurt.

But before we get to the riot . . .

We've seen a series of incidents, many of which involve "evil" local cops and officials, pitted against innocent folks (e.g., the Deng Yujiao case) who have been the victim of  crime or illegal land confiscation, or unjustly accused of something they didn't do. Online chatter ensues, the local officials change their tune, and we get the "right" result. Hurrah!

I've been playing the part of the buzzkill, warning that although we may like the outcome of these cases, the power of online communities to influence criminal or administrative proceedings is a very scary precedent to set. We may complain that the judiciary in China is not as independent as we would like, but isn't one that lurks on weibo to see which way the mob wind is blowing ultimately much worse?

This is not just an academic argument, and sometimes these cases are not obviously about redressing an injustice. Take the case of Wu Ying, who was given a death sentence for economic crimes earlier this year. After a public outcry, which seems to have been based on nothing more than the fact that Wu is female, the case was re-tried, and the death sentence was suspended (functionally equivalent to life in prison). But hey, at least here the public pressure resulted in leniency.

Not so last year when Li Changkui, a convicted rapist and murderer, was given a suspended death sentence. After a hue and cry ensued, the Yunnan High Court took another crack at it and gave him a straight death sentence. Mobs calling for the death penalty in individual cases. Yikes.

Which brings us back to online rumors and what happened in Luzhou, Sichuan the other day. Rumors can be good things, like when folks share information about natural disasters, health dangers, or environmental threats. In this case, a guy in Luzhou was yelled at by some cops, who wanted him to move his truck. They shouted at each other for a while, then the driver fell ill for some reason (heart attack?); at some point he took medication but ended up dying.

The rumor that immediately circulated was that the cops had beaten him to death, which fomented a riot involving several thousand people. Fires were set, cars were turned over, tear gas was used, arrests were made — you know the drill. It's not clear how severe the injuries were.

Anthony Tao at Beijing Cream noted the following:

The exact details remain unknown, and it's unlikely that we'll ever find out. At this point, hearsay piled upon hearsay is all we'll get, and it'll elucidate nothing. But indications are that some very vocal and very convincing rabblerousers were among the first to descend upon Wednesday's unfortunate tragedy and turn it into something much more. Perhaps we could say something here about pent-up  anger at incompetent governance needing outlets. But perhaps it'd be equally worthwhile to say that some assholes decided to endanger public safety because they're assholes. How you react to this incident, like so many in China in the absence of solid facts, probably ends up saying more about you than the situation itself.

I would just like to point out that some kinds of "hearsay" aren't too bad when it comes to elucidation. :)

Anyway, there is a lot to be said about the problem of access to justice, public anger, and other factors that lead to this kind of behavior. Fine. Let's solve those problems. But in the meantime, we have to figure out how to use the Intertubes responsibly. There are a lot of good people out there interested in justice, and there are also a lot of assholes who want to rouse the rabble. And there are always oodles of rabble out there waiting for something to do.

So every time someone bows down to the Net God as a savior when it comes to curing society's ills, I get a little worried. I know, not everyone pushes that these days. I was happy to hear Evan Osnos, in a great interview he did on the Charlie Rose show a few days ago, mention that the Net is not a panacea. However, the skeptics are still outnumbered by a wide margin.

Look, I'm not saying that I love all the anti-rumor policies that have been introduced here over the years. When it comes to online speech, I'm perfectly happy to take the good with the bad. On the other hand, as Chris Rock once said about O.J. Simpson murdering the guy who was probably sleeping with his wife: while I don't condone it, I do understand it.

Ultimately, someone needs to get the word out to the weibots (as well as local officials and judges) that knee-jerk reaction to online chatter is really not a good idea.


© Stan for China Hearsay, 2012. | Permalink | 3 comments | Add to del.icio.us
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Would China Prefer a Romney Presidency?

Posted: 21 Oct 2012 03:55 AM PDT

The New York Times' Jane Perlez explores the reaction in China to the "tough talk" deployed by U.S. President and Republican challenger , who have used China as a punching bag both on the campaign trail and in the recent debates, and explains the unease brewing among government officials, business leaders and academics:

The relationship between China and the United States has become more brittle in the past two years, with differences over trade and strategic interests stoking American fears that China is infringing on the United States' longstanding influence in Asia. For their part, the Chinese watch with growing alarm as their country has become a frequent target of blame for the weakness in the American job market.

"The U.S. general election, originally thought only a battle over domestic issues — the economy, fiscal deficit and health care — has now embroiled China as a punching bag," said Fred Hu, chairman of Primavera Capital, a private equity group in Beijing, and former Greater China chairman of Goldman Sachs. "The noises from the campaign trail are quite disconcerting. It remains to be seen whether the shrill campaign rhetoric about China will just remain as bombast."

The fears over China in the United States, experts here note, are not limited to the campaign trail. Last month Mr. Obama cited national security concerns as the reason for ordering a Chinese company to divest its shares in wind farm projects near a Navy testing facility in Oregon. A scathing Congressional report called the Chinese telecommunications company Huawei a national security threat to the United States.

Although Perlez suggests that the Chinese government "would probably prefer a continuation of the Obama administration", Fudan University's Shen Dingli writes that "a President Romney might actually be better for China". From Foreign Policy:

The truth is that it still matters to Beijing who's in the White House. And China won't have as much to worry about with a President Romney. If Romney wins in November, both he and presumably will likely shake hands and forget what candidate Romney has said thus far, in much the same manner as both Beijing and Washington have moved beyond the rhetoric of the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign.

But China has reason to be concerned that a second term for Obama — and the continuation of present policies — would present continuous challenges to the relationship. A new president would allow for a clean slate, one that wouldn't push the United States in a harmful direction with regard to China. And, frankly, the quiet truth is that even if President Romney were to intend irrationally to hurt China, there's little chance he would actually be able to chart a path to do so in which the United States remained unhurt by its own actions.

In a video posted on Tuesday, The Wall Street Journal's hina news editor Carlos Tejada discussed how Beijing is responding to the heated rhetoric used by the candidates. See also previous CDT coverage of the 2012 U.S. election, including how official media and netizens in China reacted to the first and second debates.


© Scott Greene for China Digital Times (CDT), 2012. | Permalink | One comment | Add to del.icio.us
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