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Blogs » Politics » Democracy Fails to Thrive in Wukan


Democracy Fails to Thrive in Wukan

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 11:11 PM PST

Following widespread protests in 2011 in Wukan, Guangdong over a government land-grab, the provincial government agreed to elections to nominate new village leaders. Despite initial enthusiasm over what was perceived as a "wholly transparent, completely open, democratic election," and a watershed moment for grassroots in China, reality has been a bit messier. Villagers have been discouraged by the new leaders' failure to resolve their problems, while new village leaders are themselves now acknowledging that the experiment in has failed. From Off Beat China:

…Last week, an interview by iFeng with a few villagers and their newly elected leaders showed that local people may see the "Wukan model" as a completed failed attempt of democracy.

Many of the new leaders of Wukan's village committee are leaders of the anti-government protests two years ago. For example, the 70-something Lin Zhulian is the new director of village committee elected by his fellow villagers. Two year ago, it was him who often held public speeches and called for villagers to stand up against local government and get their illegally seized lands back.

One year after being elected, Lin told that he regretted leading the protests.

"I'm afraid of receiving phone calls, afraid of seeing people, afraid of hearing my own door bell ring. Why? Because whatever I do or say now, people are able to find a way to blame me. I can neither speak the truth nor tell lies. Things are complicated. I need to pay attention to every single bit of detail to guard against potential harms."

Tea Leaf Nation has more on other problems now confronting Wukan:

Some of Wukan's problems are not news. In September, 2012, several Western media outlets revisited Wukan and reported on the slow progress of its democratic experiment. Then, areas of dissatisfaction included villagers' "expectations gap" between the promise of democracy and its messy reality, meddling by county-level governments, and suspicions that the whole enterprise was simply a political move by Wang Yang, the former Guangdong province Communist Party chief who was known to eye a seat on China's elite Politburo Standing Committee.

Additional obstacles have now begun to emerge. Wukan is dealing with a dearth of outside investment due to concerns over its political stability, a village leadership that lacks governing experience, and in-fighting within the village administration itself. As one villager told a reporter, "All of Wukan is dissatisfied. First, we villagers overthrew the corrupt officials, but the new administration has done nothing [to get land back]; they got nothing back and have not given us an answer…We'll take anything [at this point]."

Surveying unbought luxury residences whose bare porches had begun to sprout grass, reporter Jin Song concluded that "currently many investors do not dare to invest in Wukan…because there is still no consensus about whether to lease the recovered land or to transfer it, the village committee is unable to monetize it."

[...] Meanwhile, infighting is worsening between elected village leaders and those activists left on the outside. According to Yang Semao, deputy director of the governing village committee, "The village committee only has seven people…, [but] there are dozens of influential activists and it's impossible for everyone to join the committee. Now they're going all out to attack, defame, and stymie us."

Some observers on have blamed China's political system for the failures of democracy in Wukan to thrive. From Tea Leaf Nation:

User @玻璃罐子里的苍蝇 echoed this view, writing, "What Wukan villagers really want is money. Using democracy to solve the Wukan problem sounds great, but actually it is not the right prescription … Wukan's follow-ups are reflections of the embarrassing situation of democracy in China. Democracy is still a luxury for us, just someone's talking point. "


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Netizen Voices: Shandong Pollution Hypocrisy

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 10:18 PM PST

In response to widespread outrage on Weibo over allegations that companies were pumping deep underground to avoid pollution regulations, environmental protection officials in Weifang City, Province announced a whopping 100,000 yuan (approximately US$16,000) reward to the first citizen to produce verifiable evidence of the "unscrupulous" practice. Not long after the prize was made public, media personality and environmental activist Deng Fei posted a claiming that a moratorium on coverage of the pollution scandal had already been imposed by local newspaper Qilu Evening News. Deng also expressed concern that local authorities would lobby Beijing to prohibit reporting on the topic nationally.

@DengFei: #ALetterFromTheFrontLines# 'Brother Fei, we of the Qilu Evening News have already been banned. Tomorrow, five field reporters will be withdrawn. I'm afraid the two reports written today will not make it into the paper.' Brothers, keep up the fight! Commentary: Isn't the Weifang Environmental Protection Bureau offering a 100,000 yuan reward, encouraging netizens to report underground pollution? Now, Shandong has moved to seal off local media. Will they next travel to Beijing to lobby for a national ban, withdraw all reporters from around the whole country, and seal off national media?

@邓飞:#一封来自采访前线的来信#飞哥,我们齐鲁晚报已下禁令,明天五路记者将被撤回,今天采写的2版稿件恐难见报。弟兄们,请加油!评:潍坊环保局不 是悬奖金十万,鼓励网友举报地下水污染线索吗?山东现封口本地媒体,他们会进京讨要禁令,撤回全国记者,封口全国媒体吗?

The allegations of government hypocrisy struck a chord with legions of Weibo users, who swooped into action, furiously reposting and commenting on Deng's post:

@HuangbuYitou: Fight on, Weifang! They certainly have the ability to shut the mouths of all the reporters in the country.

黄埔一投:潍坊加油!封全国记者的嘴一定能做到

@RecorderChenBaocheng: Expose every current Shandong official, sub-provincial-level and above!

记录者陈宝成:暴光山东籍宣传口副省级以上现任官员!

@JunoChen-SZ: Investigating pollution isn't what they're good at. Sealing things off, on the other hand, is.

JunoChen-SZ:查排污不是他们的特长,封口才是

@PrettyAngel003: They're willing to spend hush money, but they're not willing to spend money on fixing the problem. Isn't this their home, their country, too?!

美丽天使003:他们宁愿拿钱去封口也不愿拿钱去治理,难道这个家园不是他们的家园,这个国不是他们的国?!

@VisualPawnshop: I won't say a word. Just silently reposting. I hope popular attention can turn into power.

视觉当铺:什么都不想说了,默转,希望围观能成为力量。

@ChinaJarBrother: The National People's Congress and CPPCC are about to open their annual meetings–what a wonderful excuse to control public opinion in the name of maintaining stability.

中国坛子哥:全国2会即将召开,这是个极好的维稳控舆借口。

@ChenWeina: Rivers across the whole country are all polluted. How could it even be possible cover all of that up?

陈微娜:全国河流都污染,怎么能全捂住呢?

@TaoHaijunReporter: They've obstructed the voice of reporters, but can they obstruct the voice of the entire people?

陶海军记者:防了记者之口,能防全民之口?

Via CDT Chinese. Translated by Little Bluegill.


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Photo: Village outskirts, Chongqing, by Chris Aston

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 08:04 PM PST

Village outskirts, Chongqing


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China plans new system for patients to pay after treatment

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 10:33 AM PST

new medical plan
A staff member (L) of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital gives a lantern to a little patient at the hospital in north Tianjin's Municipality, Feb. 6, 2013. [Photo: Xinhua]

China's health authorities have introduced a new medical payment method that allows patients to "pay after" they receive treatment.

Currently, Chinese citizens must pay first and then apply for a 70 percent reimbursement covered by medical insurance.

Hospitals are said to be welcoming the new method. Hu Jing, who's a department head at a county hospital, says now they won't have to go after patients for the bills.

"In the past, we had a manager as a debt collector. Any patients waiting to receive an operation would first fill out a form about their medical costs. Their family will then take the form and pay the bill before the patients get their operations. The practice was likely to cause disputes between patients and medical providers."

Once the new system is implemented, patients will receive treatment first and then only pay the part not included in the medical insurance.

The rest will be paid by the government.

The new "pay after" plan is expected to be implemented in over 20 provinces later this year.

The Health Ministry says it won't be adopted nationwide yet, due to an immature social credit and medical insurance system.

Source: CRIenglish

Washed Up CIO

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 07:29 AM PST

Tracy Mitrano, the Director of IT policy and Institute for Computer Policy and Law at Cornell University applauded Oxford University's decision to turn off Google Docs.

Not long ago, the IT Department turned off Facebook Access for Maryland's state delegates' offices.

The problem for Mitrano alike CIOs are 1) lack of technical insights; 2) lack of understanding of role of IT departments.

Mitranos do not understand they can't turn off the Internet. From the born of computers, they are not perfect. Programmers and users live with known weaknesses and shortcomings of computer systems.

The mission of IT department is to support and facilitate the workflow of production groups. In the case of Mitrano, her job is created to help students and faculty at Cornell University to access, exchange and disseminate ideas. Instead, she acted like a small town cop, who is obsessed with the power to stop a car at her own discretion.

Having known what was purported as the risks of using service such as Google Docs, a CIO should not rush to the easy solution. Mitrano was shocked to read about the listed 'issues' with Google Docs, an informed reader would be amazed to vision her reaction if she were told of Windows operating system's thousands of known and documents bugs. As a matter of fact, Windows is an exemplary well maintained system thanks to Microsoft's army of developers. Any major software products including key server products are running with thousands of known bugs and often known security vulnerabilities. Google has the resource to patch any obvious ones. A qualified CIO should work with Google to help the users she is supposed to serve, instead of enjoy the sensation of blocking their access to key software.

Instead of shutting down Google Docs, a qualified CIO should ask questions and find out the usage patterns of her users. She should educate and warn users of potential risks. She should identify the technical intricacies and work out an in-house temporary patch before the vendor's next service release.

It's a pity that such a position is filled with people who has no technical background, no service experience, but only big mouth agenda and (even worse) genuine fear of technology because of lack of technical depth. It's a disservice to the academic community and the University.

Zhao Wei Enjoys Fashion Show in London

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 09:18 AM PST

zhao wei fashion show 1

Chinese actress Zhao Wei attends the Burberry Prorsum show during London Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2013/14 on Monday, February 18, 2013.

zhao wei fashion show 2

Chinese actress Zhao Wei (right) joins French star Melanie Laurent (left) and South Korean actress Kim Hee-sun at the Burberry Prorsum show during London Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2013/14 on Monday, February 18, 2013.

zhao wei fashion show 3

Chinese actress Zhao Wei (right) joins French star Melanie Laurent (left) and South Korean actress Kim Hee-sun at the Burberry Prorsum show during London Fashion Week Fall/Winter 2013/14 on Monday, February 18, 2013.

Source: CRIenglish

PSY TAKES A RIDE WITH LIN CHI-LING

Posted: 03 Feb 2013 09:09 AM PST

PSY & Lin Chi-ling

When Korean sensation Psy met the pride of Taiwan, Lin Chi-ling (林志玲), to do the world-famous horse riding dance, it was hot, hot, hot.

Chi-ling's boobs bobbed and bounced in time to the music, while her 113cm-long legs mesmerized the Gangnam Style singer, who was moved to exclaim: "What a sexy horse!"

The two were the highlight of Shanghai-based Dragon TV's Spring Festival Gala that was recorded in the studio on Friday and is scheduled to be broadcast on Lunar New Year's Eve on February 9.

Psy's debut performance in China, lasting just 5 minutes, earned him a fat paycheck of 3 million yuan ($481,500).

Source: May Daily

Hexie Farm (蟹农场): The Anchor of Political Reform

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 02:28 PM PST

For the latest installment in his CDT series, cartoonist Crazy Crab of Hexie Farm gives his perspective on prospects for in China. A boat representing reform is prevented from moving forward by the hammer-and-sickle shaped anchor of "one-party dictatorship."

Read more about Hexie Farm's CDT series, including a Q&A with the anonymous cartoonist, and see all cartoons so far in the series.

[CDT owns the copyright for all cartoons in the  CDT series. Please do not reproduce without receiving prior permission from CDT.]


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On China’s Twitter, Discussion of Hacking Attacks Proceeds Unblocked

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 11:41 AM PST

As The New York Times reported yesterday evening, U.S.-based cybersecurity firm Mandiant has just released a deeply troubling report called "Exposing One of China's Cyber Espionage Units." The report alleges wide-spread hacking sponsored by the People's Liberation Army, which is controlled by the Chinese Communist Party. The report states, "Our research and observations indicate that the Communist Party of  China is tasking the Chinese People's Liberation Army [PLA] to commit systematic cyber espionage and data theft against organizations around the world."

In particular, the report fingers the PLA's General Staff Department's 3rd Department, 2nd Bureau–also called Unit 61398–as the main source of such attacks. Mandiant describes the difficulty of finding online references that link Unit 61389 to the Chinese Government.

This does not mean, however, that one cannot read Chinese language discussion of Unit 61398. Tea Leaf Nation recently conducted searches for terms related to the Mandiant report on Sina Weibo, China's pre-eminent social media discussion platform, and found them all unblocked. These included "Mandiant," "61398," Chinese terms for the PLA units found to lie behind the hacking ("61398部队," "总参二局," and "总参三部二局"), and words referring to particularized Mandiant terms, such as "Comment Crew" and "Apt1."

China's Defense Department promptly replied that it "has never supported any hacking activities," further stating that "hacker attacks are a global problem. Like other countries, China also faces a serious threat from cyber attacks, and is among the world's major victims of hacker attacks." A number of mainstream Weibo outlets carried the news, including China Central Television, or CCTV (@央视新闻), China News (@中国新闻网), and Breaking News (@头条新闻). On China's frequently censored Internet, the current state of play likely reflects a calculation by Chinese authorities that it is better to begin with a public challenge to the Mandiant allegations, perhaps allowing online discussion in order to glimpse how grass-roots Web users react to the official argument.

Among several hundred aggregate reactions to the Mandiant report, an outline of preliminary grassroots reaction could be clearly discerned.

Perhaps unsurprising in a country where the state remains heavily involved in its media, many commenters evinced a monolithic conception of the United States that linked Mandiant, media outlets, and the U.S. government. In particular, users responding to the CCTV post took a negative tack toward the U.S., telling the "yankees" that "America is always turning a little mirror towards others, and never towards itself!" Others felt that turnabout was fair–or necessary–play. One wrote that the U.S. "has been openly seeking top hackers; [it's] China that has been timid." Another commented, "China has far more people, American technology is better. In an online war, it would be 100 on 1."

But the domestic perception of China as an underdog remains, and many simply found it sensible for China's PLA to employ hackers. One wrote, "These days, can an army without hackers even be called an army?" Another observed that hackers were "today's special forces." One user cast hacking as a fact of life: "Where there's an Internet, there will be hackers." Another commented that "hacking attacks have long been a method used by every country."

One user sought to put the matter in historical context: "I think the U.S. hyping online warfare is like [President] Reagan's Star Wars [missile defense] program, which was the final straw that broke the Soviet economy." The user compared pursuing online warfare to an arms race in space: "China knows it can't beat the U.S., but it cannot remain uninvolved."

Commenters appeared split on whether to be proud or ashamed at the news. One said it was a "loss of face" that the unit had been discovered; another was "proud, but [does] not believe it."

As always, Weibo users fancied themselves sleuths. One user astutely noted that there appeared to be a white license plate or two in the New York Times photograph of the Shanghai apartment building from which Mandiant believes many Chinese cyber attacks originate. Chinese Web users are keenly aware that a white plate connotes PLA affiliation. In addition, a number demonstrated the Chinese Web's enduring fascination with Lanxiang (蓝翔), a school in Shandong province. As Tea Leaf Nation reported on January 31, although Lanxiang bills itself as a vocational school and "advertises tirelessly on local television as the training grounds for future tractor drivers, chefs, auto repairmen and hair dressers," Chinese Web users have continued to believe that Lanxiang doubles as a training ground for elite hackers.

Despite the evident lack of heavy censorship at this early stage, the volume commentary on this issue has thus far remained thin. While Chinese cyber attacks are deeply troubling to Americans, Chinese Web users must remain constantly aware of authorities monitoring, and sometimes deleting, their own words. In this respect, hacking, or its cousin, censorship, is a fact of life for China's online citizens. That perhaps explains why some users drew an explicit–if humorous–line between hackers and censors. Using the incisive gallows humor so common on the Chinese social Web, one user wrote, "It's a rumor! We don't call them 'hackers,' we call them 'Sina's little secretaries,'" slang for Sina's in-house censors. To one commenter, it actually showed "progress" if the PLA was in fact hacking the U.S.; "Before, the army was only able to oppress Chinese people."

Blockbuster Growth in China’s Film Industry

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 11:26 AM PST

As Hollywood remains uneasy over the Securities and Exchange Commission's investigation into Hollywood companies' practices in China, CNN reports international films swept the top ten highest grossing films in China:

Industry insiders say international influence is only set to grow, as Chinese censors loosen restrictions on and more fans make a habit of seeking out the latest blockbusters. Last year, the country's box office receipts increased 30% to over RMB 17 billion ($2.7 billion), making China the world's second-largest box office

On the fifth episode of CNN's monthly show "On China," host Kristie Lu Stout traveled to Hengdian Film Studios to discover what strikes a chord with Chinese viewers. There, she asked Dan Mintz, CEO of DMG Entertainment Group, and acclaimed film directors Jin Yimeng (Eva) and Lu Chuan what Chinese filmgoers want to see.

On the surface, the script for success is not dissimilar to what works in the , they said. U.S. films, including " 3D" and "Mission: Impossible– Ghost Protocol" comprised seven of the top 10 highest-grossing films in 2012, according to the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television. While foreign films accounted for only a quarter of the 303 movies screened in Chinese theatres last year, they took in over half of overall ticket sales (52.4%).

Easy access to theaters is also driving mainland viewers to the silver screen. China has over 12,000 movie screens and it is adding more at a rate of eight to 10 each day, Mintz said. Cinemas in major cities like Beijing and are comparable to those in the U.S., Lu added.

In an attempt to attract fans of the film, 'Titanic,' there are now plans to build a replica of the Titanic in China. From The Reporter:

According to Blue Star Line, the cruise line company Palmer founded to build and manage the vessel, the Titanic II was designed by Finnish naval architecture firm Deltamarin but is being built in China's Jiangsu province by state-owned Chinese shipyard CSC Jinling.

Palmer introduced the dinner via a video-conference call from Australia, saying, according to the Wall Street Journal: "Why build the Titanic? Why go to the moon?"

"They've really got guts. You see how many collapsing bridges there are in China and how much 'tofu-style' construction there is, and they still dare to do it," the Journal quoted one micro-blogger as writing.

"Titanic II is being built by a Chinese shipyard!! How stupid. Do you want to re-enact the original ending?" wrote another.

Despite the success of international films in China, Stephen Chow's latest comedy landed in the top spot in the box office during the Spring Festival holiday. From China Daily:

The takings for Chow's blockbuster, featuring Wen Zhang, Shu Qi and Huang Bo, accounted for 66.7 percent of all ticket sales during the period, according to a posting by China Film News on micro-blogging service .

The film took 76.7 million yuan on its first day of release on Feb 10 on the Chinese mainland. It also smashed the opening-day record for domestic films by beating last year's 70 million yuan made by Chinese film Painted Skin: Resurrection.

The fast-expanding Chinese film market – measured by audience figures and number of screens – has nurtured record-breaking box-office revenue this year, said Huang Qunfei,general manager of Beijing New Film Association Co Ltd, one of China's largest theater chains.

Huang said domestic box-office revenue has grown 30 percent on average each year, with more than 9,600 screens across the nation. he said he expects even higher growth this year.


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Young Boys Found Dead in Guizhou Shack

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 11:22 AM PST

Chinese state media report five children have died after being found suffocated in Guizhou Province. This comes amid concerns for after five homeless boys were found dead inside a garbage bin in the same province as well as an illegal orphanage fire that left several children dead in Henan, from Xinhua:

The five , all male and with ages ranging from four to six, were discovered by local villagers in Majiang county at 5:40 pm.

Four of the boys were dead upon being discovered, while the fifth died in the hospital, the county publicity department said.

The children come from five different families. Their parents were helping out at a wedding dinner held for one of their fellow villagers and had apparently left them unattended.

An initial investigation showed that the children died due to suffocation after straw in the abandoned house was ignited.

AP reports it was unclear why the boys decided to burn the hay:

The deaths Monday in the southwestern province of focused attention on the welfare of children in one of China's poorest regions.

Three months ago, five runaway boys in the same province died inside a garbage bin, where they lit a fire to stay warm on a cold, damp night in the city of Bijie. Media reports said those boys were largely unsupervised because their parents had sought work in more prosperous parts of the country, and the incident prompted nationwide soul-searching on China's wealth gap and the effects of its economic boom on families in rural areas.

State-run China Central Television said the government gave each of the five families 22,000 yuan ($3,500) and 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of rice as consolation.

According to the South China Morning Post, the villagers used the shack to process tobacco, but it has been abandoned. The shack was poorly ventilated and had only one exit.


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Bureaucratic Red Tape Chokes Free Markets in India

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 10:17 AM PST

Memo #202

By Subhashish Gupta - sgupta [at] iimb.ernet.in

India auctioned 3G licenses for USD $14.78 billion in 2010, a bonanza for a government staring at a large fiscal deficit and trying to promote inclusive growth through a host of populist social schemes. With new telecom auctions scheduled soon, the government hopes to generate more money to pare its fiscal deficit, and bolster its reformist credentials to foreign and domestic investors.

However, some commentators have argued that the government's obsession with high rates of return from auctions will stifle the burgeoning telecom industry, as the current slow growth of Indian 3G services suggests. This situation reflects an internal conflict in India's development: while the government tries to reap the financial benefits of a free market economy and open competition, it is loath to relinquish its powers over selecting beneficiaries for the distribution of "natural resources," a category including access to the airwaves, according to the Indian Supreme Court. The result is an inefficient resource distribution system.

There is a dual system in place. Sometimes the government relies on free market principles, as in public-private partnership projects, and sometimes on administrative action, as in the allocation of coal blocks, and sometimes a mixture of both, as in telecommunications. This muddle is not conducive to business. India is a notoriously difficult place for business activity. For instance, the International Finance Corporation ranks the country 132nd globally for ease of doing business. In response to the confusion and apparent arbitrariness, opposition parties and civil society members raise cries of crony capitalism.

The end result is a peculiar situation in which a pro-reform government ignores ease of entry into a market, a fundamental condition for competition to thrive. Opposing political parties and civil society members fulminate against the nature of free markets and the inequalities they produce. They equate market reforms with being anti-poor. Lost amid the din are the beneficial effects of competition in lowering prices and in promoting economic equality. To achieve such aims, the government would do well to design auctions to increase competition and focus less on maximizing revenues.

Subhashish Gupta is an associate professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore. His research interests include antitrust issues, particularly in telecommunications.

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Selling Mobile Phones in India (Source: BBC)

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Who’s to Blame for China’s Growing Trust Deficit?

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 07:54 AM PST

Pedestrians on Shanghai's busy Nanjing Road. A recent report blames urbanization as a key driver of China's trust deficit. (IceNineJon/Flickr)

Is China facing a trust deficit? State media seems to be saying "yes." According to an editorial published yesterday in the print edition of state-run People's Daily titled "Use Trust to Break the Ice," a new survey conducted in seven Chinese cities shows that the Chinese social confidence index has fallen below sixty points. As the Chinese Web site RFI explains, this means that fewer than one in five Chinese people believe the majority of people in their society are trustworthy, while fewer than three in ten people believe that strangers can be trusted. The People's Daily reported that experts attribute this drop to social transformation in the ways that Chinese people interact.

The article reminisces back to times when Chinese enjoyed their neighborhood, and parents would go out and leave their children and keys to their apartment with their neighbors. In sharp contrast, the article reports, today neighbors install security doors and windows, and the mantra "don't talk to strangers" has become the norm.

The People's Daily attributes this breakdown in social interactions to China's rapid and "inevitable" urbanization, which it says degrades mutual trust. The editorial warns that whether or not the study is accurate, social integrity requires urgent attention: China needs to promote governmental integrity in order to strengthen trust between the people and the entire community. A stronger legal system and laws will help to improve trust. But in order to combat a society of strangers, the people also need to continue to communicate with one another, exchange greetings, and organize neighborhood festivals and activities. Rapid urbanization has upset old bonds, but the editorial puts the onus on individual Chinese to build new ones.

Let the finger pointing begin

While users of microblogging platform Sina Weibo affirmed the massive social changes the article describes, by and large they appear not to believe that the lack of trust begins with the nation's citizens. Instead, they have pointed their collective finger at China's ruling government. @萧峵 wrote that if changes need to occur to combat a lack of trust in Chinese society, then "the ruling party and its mouthpiece should do the first self-criticism." @-流年似梦- summed up the general consensus among commenters:"The government is everyone's familiar stranger."

A lack of trust between netizens and government officials has grown deep in recent years, amidst high-profile local-level corruption cases, many of which have been brought to the government's attention by Web users. These so-called "netizens" have taken it upon themselves to actively ferret out examples of Chinese officials living beyond their means and advocating for citizens wronged by those who purport to represent them.

Transparency International, a global coalition fighting against government corruption, gave China a score of 39/100 on its corruption perception index, which ranks China 80 out of 176 countries.

Most netizens commenting on the People's Daily's post denounced officialdom as the cause of alienation in modern China. @晨依思 remarked that the government was the "root cause of the problem" and that society should "now look to officials" to fix it. @瑟调琴弄 asked, "If the rulers are untrustworthy, how can you build integrity?"

Some agree with the People's Daily's argument that a stronger legal system would improve trust in society. @段郎说事 wrote in support, "Apply the rule of law, use the system to resolve social alienation." But a larger number believe that strengthening the legal system shouldn't aim to correct problems among the people, but should fix problems within government. @hjk4321-1 wrote, "If you want to work with iron, you must be tough yourself." The phrase means that one must be ideologically sound to perform arduous work.

With trust waning in Chinese society, Web users seem to agree that neighborhood parties and friendly greetings are not going to be enough to combat the problem. If China hopes to achieve a strong level of trust among its people, the government would do well to listen to netizen calls to increase government transparency and strengthen ties between officials and the people. As Weibo user @草根皆尘 put it, trust is "based on mutual trust; we first need to remove the mask."

[h/t Bill Bishop]

Watch: Les Mis as Peking Opera

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 08:17 AM PST

Jean Valjean and Cosette in the Peking Opera Version of Les Mis

Hugh Jackman is not the only one doing a new take on Jean Valjean. Les Misérables has been turned into a Peking opera and posted online.

This version of the Victor Hugo classic was written by students at the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in 2006. If Mulan can become a Disney classic, there is no reason that Les Mis cannot become a Peking opera favorite. But what's next? The Peking opera version of Hamlet already made its debut at the Edinburgh International Festival. @笑语嫣嫣 tweeted on Sina Weibo, "I think we can expect to see the Peking opera version of Pirates of the Caribbeans."

 

Report Claims Hacker Group Linked To People’s Liberation Army

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 07:51 AM PST

In the recent string of hacking attacks against American newspapers, government departments and other organizations, the difficulty of definitively attributing such actions has been a recurring theme. Chinese authorities have repeatedly denounced accusations of state-sponsored on this basis. A new report (PDF) from information security firm Mandiant claims, however, that it has identified a well-known group of hackers as a unit of China's People's Liberation Army. The group, known as Comment Crew or APT1 (Advanced Persistent Threat 1), is said to be Unit 61398, the 2nd Bureau of the 3rd Department of the P.L.A.'s General Staff Department. Its members have reportedly stolen huge quantities of sensitive data in at least 140 separate attacks since 2006. From David E. Sanger, David Barboza and Nicole Perlroth at The :

[…] Mandiant has watched the group as it has stolen technology blueprints, manufacturing processes, clinical trial results, pricing documents, negotiation strategies and other proprietary information from more than 100 of its clients, mostly in the . Mandiant identified attacks on 20 industries, from military contractors to chemical plants, mining companies and satellite and telecommunications corporations.

[…] What most worries American investigators is that the latest set of attacks believed coming from Unit 61398 focus not just on stealing information, but obtaining the ability to manipulate American critical : the power grids and other utilities.

[…] A few years ago, [U.S.] administration officials say, the theft of intellectual property was an annoyance, resulting in the loss of billions of dollars of revenue. But clearly something has changed. The mounting evidence of state sponsorship, the increasing boldness of Unit 61398, and the growing threat to American infrastructure are leading officials to conclude that a far stronger response is necessary.

"Right now there is no incentive for the Chinese to stop doing this," said Mr. Rogers, the House intelligence chairman. "If we don't create a high price, it's only going to keep accelerating."

The Mandiant report provides details of three "personas" believed to be part of APT1, "in an effort to underscore there are actual individuals behind the keyboard." (See also Bloomberg Businessweek's recent 'A Chinese Hacker's Identity Unmasked', via CDT, on an alleged hacker identified as a teacher at a P.L.A. university.) The most dramatic of the released materials is a narrated video purportedly showing one of these at work:

Searches for "Unit 61398″ were quickly blocked on Sina Weibo, while a BBC team filming near the unit's headquarters was detained and had their footage confiscated. The Telegraph's Tom Phillips also visited the area:

Large propaganda posters are pinned to walls around the base between 's Datong and Tonggang roads. "Everyone has the duty to defend our country and our home!" reads one poster, featuring a group of young soldiers crawling through mud.

Another poster shows a line of tanks and four fighter jets and is emblazoned with the slogan: "Security and peace protects hundreds of thousands of households!"

Opposite the building identified by Mandiant is a street of hardware shops and a salon carrying a bright pink sign with the name: "Slender Beauty."

[…] On Tuesday afternoon, a woman who identified herself as a member of 'Unit 61398' but refused to produce any identification reprimanded the Daily Telegraph for taking notes on a nearby street corner.

Reuters was also there, and escaped with its video intact:

Mandiant has previously drawn criticism for declining to share information with others in the security community, according to a profile at Bloomberg Businessweek earlier this month. In the report, the authors explain the reasoning for releasing their findings this time(PDF).

The decision to publish a significant part of our intelligence about Unit 61398 was a painstaking one. What started as a "what if" discussion about our traditional non-disclosure policy quickly turned into the realization that the positive impact resulting from our decision to expose APT1 outweighed the risk to our ability to collect intelligence on this particular APT group. It is time to acknowledge the threat is originating in China, and we wanted to do our part to arm and prepare security professionals to combat that threat effectively. The issue of attribution has always been a missing link in publicly understanding the landscape of APT . Without establishing a solid connection to China, there will always be room for observers to dismiss APT actions as uncoordinated, solely criminal in nature, or peripheral to larger national security and global economic concerns. We hope that this report will lead to increased understanding and coordinated action in countering APT network breaches.

At the same time, there are downsides to publishing all of this information publicly. Many of the techniques and technologies described in this report are vastly more effective when attackers are not aware of them. Additionally, publishing certain kinds of indicators dramatically shortens their lifespan. When Unit 61398 changes their techniques after reading this report, they will undoubtedly force us to work harder to continue tracking them with such accuracy. It is our sincere hope, however, that this report can temporarily increase the costs of Unit 61398's operations and impede their progress in a meaningful way.

We are acutely aware of the risk this report poses for us. We expect reprisals from China as well as an onslaught of criticism.

Criticism has already started to emerge. Security analyst Jeffrey Carr has written that the report contains "critical analytical flaws": Mandiant, he argues, failed to prove that APT1 and Unit 61398 are one and the same, or to consider alternative explanations for their observations.

In summary, my problem with this report is not that I don't believe that China engages in massive amounts of cyber espionage. I know that they do – especially when an executive that we worked with traveled to Beijing to meet with government officials with a clean laptop and came back with one that had been breached while he was asleep in his hotel room.

My problem is that Mandiant refuses to consider what everyone that I know in the Intelligence Community acknowledges – that there are multiple states engaging in this activity; not just China. And that if you're going to make a claim for attribution, then you must be both fair and thorough in your analysis and, through the application of a scientific method like ACH, rule out competing hypotheses and then use estimative language in your finding. Mandiant simply did not succeed in proving that Unit 61398 is their designated APT1 aka Comment Crew.

When questioned about the report on Tuesday, a Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman issued a customary denial. From Ben Blanchard and Joseph Menn at Reuters:

"Hacking attacks are transnational and anonymous. Determining their origins are extremely difficult. We don't know how the evidence in this so-called report can be tenable," spokesman Hong Lei told a daily news briefing.

"Arbitrary criticism based on rudimentary data is irresponsible, unprofessional and not helpful in resolving the issue."

Hong cited a Chinese study which pointed to the United States as being behind hacking in China.

"Of the above mentioned Internet hacking attacks, attacks originating from the United States rank first."


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Morally degenerate equivocators

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 04:04 AM PST

This post is basically a followup on the few posts recently addressing the perceptions of the GLF in the west. I will not add to the debate per se or even defend the other posters but rather talk about how people in the west are treating like discourse, namely those that does not fall in line with the dominate narrative in the west, i.e., that Mao was a mass murderer that had killed more people than Hitler and Stalin. I will take as my main target a recent post on another blog because I think its contents and its comments are so exemplary of the type of ignorance, bigotry and bias facing anyone that dares to question the west's perspective on anything. They are met with derision, marginalization, and every fallacy in the book instead of direct refutation and they are made by morally degenerate and intellectually dishonest individuals.

One such individual is Sam Crane who has a blog about China. In a recent post (which was inspired by "noodling around the internet") in which he casually dismisses views that critically examines the thesis that the GLF wasn't as bad as commonly portrayed in the western media and that Mao wasn't the same kind of monster as Hitler, Stalin or the Japanese imperialists. He makes a long-winded post without actually refuting any specific individual or position (I wonder which positions and individuals he is referring to?). In fact he explicitly says he doesn't want to address them specifically and the reason he gives for this is that this will give those perspectives more attention than they deserve. That's convenient. Sounds like a classic cop-out of an intellectual coward to me. It's easy to dismiss phantoms but much harder to refute actual arguments.

The first comment in his post says that those who dare question the dominant view in the west should be "tried for crimes against humanity" showing once again, the tolerance for free expression and intellectual debate by proponents of western values.

Crane's post is replete with strawpersons and equivocations (common theme for those familiar with his posts) that I will argue only a morally defective person can make.

He blanket terms all critical discourse on the west's dominant narrative that 20-60 million people died in the GLF and that Mao was a mass murder as "denialist's" propaganda and suggests their motives as questionable. I quote his post:

In noodling around the internet in search of the any new bits of information, I have found several examples of what I will call GLF denialism, arguments that attempt to deflect attention away from the horrible fact that millions and millions of people starved to death as a direct result of state policy. I will not link to these sites, because I do not want to advance their project; moreover, they are an insult to the countless victims of the CCP's horrific assault on rural society. But I do want to engage with a point or two that the denialists raise. The basic denialist approach is to raise doubts about the estimated death toll of the Great Leap Famine, which ranges from about 16 – 45 million.

But GLF denialists are pursuing a political agenda: to protect Mao Zedong from bearing responsibility for the massive loss of Chinese lives. They are not simply engaged in an honest search for the truth. They are trying to obfuscate and divert. We cannot let them.

See anyone questioning the veracity of these figures must be a Mao apologist and upstanding people like Crane are simply engaged in honest intellectual debate,…only the fact that Crane doesn't even attempt to refute any of their points address their reasons and evidence but merely launch into a tirade questioning their motives.

Points made by people like the noted demographer Wim F. Wertheim that almost all the commonly accepted figures are likely over counts because they are based on the 1953 "census" which almost certainly exaggerated the birth rate and under estimated the death rate and thus counted in the final death toll those who had never been born and those who had died under other circumstances are marginalized as part of this propaganda. Even though Wertheim is someone actually qualified to make these statements about the death toll while Crane is not makes no difference to Crane. It is all "denialist" propaganda to him if it goes against his worldview. Anyone relying on data such as Wertheim's is guilty of "denialism" as well.

The actual death toll is a legitimate area of scholarly debate. It is debated by real scholars who are qualified to do so and intellectually honest, two qualities Crane and the rest of the confederacy of goons on his site which seek to marginalize any criticisms of dominant western narrative on the GLF clearly do not possess. Those who engage in these debates often have only motives aiming at the truth (again, clearly unlike "noodlers" like Crane whose seems aims seem wholly ideological).

It would be like if I simply labeled everyone that doubted the 1.5 million death toll of the Iraq war giving a smaller figure as Bush/Cheney apologists. Despite the fact that modern epidemiology is based on far better data, figures on the death toll in Iraq is still a matter of academic debate and though I believe that the 1.5 million figure is the best supported today, it would take an actual argument with evidence and reasons to refute those other figures (especially when they are supported with at least some evidence and not outrageously low), not dishonest and cowardly blanket generalizations with insinuations about the motives of those who give a figure not to one's liking.

I may be wrong but almost everyone here thinks Mao is one of the worst people in modern Chinese history partly due to his actions (and lack of actions) during the GLF but that doesn't mean we should accept whatever the west feeds us about Mao and the GLF. It is insincere and cowardly to suspect anyone that doubts as motivated by nefarious intent without any evidence, just because they hold an opinion you may not like.

The most despicable aspect of those who wish to bury any debate about Mao and the GLF is their insistent comparison of Mao with the likes of Stalin, Hitler and in Crane's case, the imperial Japanese.

And denialists can also not stand the fact that the more we know of the GLF – the forced starvation, the beatings, the cannibalism – by way of Yang and Zhou and other archival researchers, the more evident it is that the Maoist system was responsible for many, many more deaths of Chinese people than was Japanese imperialism. That is is a horrible thing to contemplate, but it is likely true.

These ridiculous comparisons are the target of much of the criticisms. Numbers aside, ignorance leading to death is one thing, murder is another. Even children as young as 4 (with the exception psychopathic children and children with autism spectrum disorder) can make the distinction that an intentionally malicious action and an unintentional action with negative consequences are morally not equivalent. Genocidal murderous regimes cannot be morally equivalent to incompetent ones, even ones as fiercely incompetent as Mao's.

Take a look at India. Many of India's leaders know that their economic system is inferior to the Chinese and has been so for many decades and yet refuses any serious reform. This has led to untold suffering and premature deaths in India as the Nobel winning economist Amartya Sen has shown. Indian leaders are relatively incompetent due to their ignorance (much of it willful as in the case of Chinese leaders during the GLF) and that incompetence has led to the deaths of untold millions of children as the child mortality is much higher in India than in China and has been so for a very long time. The difference here is that in the case of India, the disastrous consequences has gone on to this day and the data supporting it is far more solid than those available during the 50s and 60s in China. India's leaders are worthy of much moral opprobrium much as China's incompetent and ignorant leaders for that economic disaster but only a morally defective individual would compare them to the murderous Hitler and Stalin regimes and to the imperial Japanese. Evoking Hitler, Stalin or the Imperial Japanese is just rhetoric to support one's ideology.

Again, Sen is clearly qualified to make these statements but anyone who calls or insinuates him as a denialist because he supports aspects of Chinese policy (even pre reform policy, see here) is stupid and morally degenerate. I'm not saying that Crane calls Sen specifically a denialist but his blanket argument would cover those like Sen who defended the positive aspects of the Chinese economic system versus India's.

Notice Crane chooses to make the comparison with the imperial Japanese. Why choose that example? Because of his ideology I suspect in that insinuating that the CCP is worse than the imperial Japanese and undermining much deserved sympathy and concern focusing on Japanese atrocities. He is suggesting that the Chinese ought to have as much or more anger and resentment towards their government as they do towards imperial Japan. His political motives thus must come  into question but here, we actually have evidence from his own posts instead of cowardly addressing a bloodless stand-in phantom. Again, who would do such a thing but a seriously morally bankrupt individual?

One can make a rather strong argument that those who make that link devalue the 20 million Chinese murder victims of the imperialist Japanese and are really just denialists for the Japanese regime. To them by making that link they are essentially saying, the Japanese didn't murder anyone, merely allowed people do starve and die due to their incompetence as opposed to the genocidal malice that was the actual cause.

Why are there so many people so quick to attack anyone with with an opinion contrary to the accepted dogma? People tend to be biased naturally but I suspect there is a deeper bias here at work. I suspect that many whites are deeply ashamed that western civilization has done so much harm in the world. Mao represents to them an object for psychological projection (a topic of which I will post on later). Mao is a boogeyman whose image is but a convenient screen to project all of their collective shame for the crimes of their ancestors and their own governments to this day on to someone else, even if the results are but an effigy devoid of all facts. Mao offers a great opportunity, an outlet to show the world and themselves that white men aren't the only ones or the worst who commit the crimes of Hitler and Stalin.

China Gets Serious About Diagnosing Online Game Addiction. I Am Not Making This Up.

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 02:16 AM PST

Okay, so I've done my part over the years making fun of anyone who thinks Internet/online game addiction is a real disease that deserves diagnostic criteria, special facilities, trained health care professionals, etc. Regardless, there is a constituency here in China who takes this very seriously, probably the same folks who think that if a child sees naked breasts online, he will end up with permanent brain damage and sexual dysfunction. Heaven forfend that anyone in China will be exposed to sexuality before the age of 25!

Anyway, I kind of thought that after the online game industry came into its own a few years ago, parents and government officials would learn to deal with it, let the kiddies play games, and live with the consequences.

Apparently I was wrong:

China's online gaming industry took in revenue worth 24.84 billion yuan (4 billion US dollars) in the first half of 2012. However, minors' addiction to online gaming has caused serious social problems, which sometimes lead to juvenile crimes, according to an anonymous official with the Ministry of Culture.

Anonymous official — nice. You'd think if these social problems and juvenile crimes were rampant, Xinhua might have been able to get someone on the record, eh? On the other hand, if this is all bullshit, then the sourcing makes more sense.

You gotta love these fantasy social problems. All one has to do is find one or two anecdotes (e.g., kid somewhere plays games for 72 hours straight and drops dead of dehydration) of kids behaving badly, then cleverly suggest that this sort of thing is endemic in modern Chinese society. If you're already predisposed to thinking that kids these days are worthless and lazy, you'll probably buy into the whole thing.

And then of course, once conventional wisdom says that there is such a thing as online game addiction, and folks start profiting from the "cure," there's no stopping any of it. This includes the health care establishment, which then has to make sure that diagnosis and treatment are being done properly. No, I'm serious.

China's culture and Internet authorities have decided to develop China-specific criteria for diagnosing minors' addiction to online gaming.

If cases are assessed based on imported criteria developed for groups with different cultural and social backgrounds, it could result in misdiagnosis, according to a special workplan jointly issued by 15 ministry-level authorities on Sunday.

The plan calls on researchers to develop tools to identify the early stages of potential addiction, so as to enable early intervention for minors.

Starting to understand how this stuff gains momentum? I'd be laughing my ass off if I wasn't so worried about the poor kids who are going to be subjected to online game addiction "treatment" under these new protocols. We've already heard about a few infamous cases of kids being thrown into institutions — some of these children have been seriously damaged on their way to a "cure."

Apparently a sufficient number of professionals have bought into the whole online game addiction mythology that they can now push the idea that treatment must be localized for Chinese kids. In the absence of high-quality diagnostic tools, the danger is . . . wait for it . . . misdiagnosis!

The jokes write themselves. I just wish more people realized this isn't a serious medical condition. Can't parents just turn off their kids' laptops and tell 'em to finish their homework before getting back online? How difficult is that, anyway?


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Hollywood Uneasy as SEC Remains Silent

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 01:42 AM PST

Nearly a year after the U.S. began an investigation into the business practices of film companies in China, The reports that the government has neither announced any action nor given any indication about the scope of its ongoing inquiry:

Some who are involved in Hollywood's entry into China are privately expressing hope that the Justice Department inquiry will be resolved before they run out of time on what one of them last week called a "ticking clock," as Chinese consumers outgrow their receptivity to Hollywood fare.

The squeeze started last year when they began to spend more money on some homegrown films than on the American blockbusters.

But Michael W. Emmick, who was formerly a prosecutor with the Justice Department, and now focuses on the corrupt practices cases, among other things, in his private law practice, said a resolution could be a long time coming.

"This is still early in the game," he said.

While Mr. Emmick is not representing clients in the investigation, and said he had no direct knowledge of it, he said that regulators sometimes use such industrywide inquiries as a "cost effective" way of putting an entire business sector — like the pharmaceuticals industry or the portion of the financial industry dealing in sovereign debt — on notice.

 

 


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Huawei Denies Role in Singapore Project

Posted: 19 Feb 2013 01:11 AM PST

The Financial Times reported last week that the parents of American electronics engineer , who died mysteriously in just before he was due to leave his job and return to the U.S. last summer, believe he was murdered in connection with his involvement in a project between his Singaporean employer and Chinese telecom giant Huawei. While local police claimed Todd hanged himself, his parents retrieved a hard drive from his apartment that detailed the project and laid seeds of doubt about the official account of his death:

Security and technology experts consulted by the FT reviewed the project plan and all noted its civilian and potential military applications. Robert York, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara – a world leader in GaN and where Shane earned a doctorate in silicon devices – said it would be "unnerving but not surprising" if were to be trying to advance its GaN technology. The high-powered amplifier has civilian use but "could be used for a number of military applications: high-powered radar, electronic warfare including signal jamming and even potentially some weapons", Professor York added.

Shane, it turns out, had deep misgivings about the project he was working on and feared he was compromising US national security. His family wants to know whether that project sent him to his grave.

Huawei denied on Monday that it had worked with IME on the project in question, according to Reuters:

"IME approached Huawei on one occasion to cooperate with them in the GaN field, but we decided not to accept, and consequently do not have any cooperation with IME related to GaN," Huawei said in a statement.

At the heart of the family's theory is that Todd was concerned for his safety because of a project with a Chinese company. They believed, through information from his colleagues and from his computer files, that the company was Huawei.

Reuters can't independently corroborate their views about the role of Huawei or the circumstances of Todd's death.

Huawei declined to say whether they had been working on other projects with IME. Colleagues said shortly after Todd's death that he had told them at one point he had been working on a project with Huawei but that it was not sensitive or high-level in nature.


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